HENRY HOCKEMEYER — Among the worthy pioneers of later date whose useful lives are pleasantly recalled by all who were fortunate to know and profit from them, was the late Henry Hockemeyer, for several years superintendent of the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company. He was born in Adams County, Ind., on February 4, 1852, was reared and educated in his native state, and for years confined himself to his chosen occupation, that of a tiller of the soil. He was the son of Anton Hockemeyer, a farmer in Indiana.

In 1883 Mr. Hockemeyer migrated to California, and located in Orange County, where he purchased his ranch of eleven and a half acres. At that time only a few acres were set out to vines, as viticulture here was only an experiment; and on account of the unprofitability of viniculture, due to a disease on the vine, he soon turned his attention to apricots and walnuts. Eventually he found, with others, that the soil was better adapted to citrus fruit culture, and now the ranch is in a high state of cultivation, producing Valencias, Mediterranean Sweets and Navels.

In Orange, in 1886, Mr. Hockemeyer was united in marriage to Miss Minnie C. Peck, who was born near Milwaukee, Wis., a daughter of Adolph and Louise (Witte) Peck. Minnie Peck spent her early life and received a good education in Rochester, Minn., residing there until 1884, when she came to Orange, her parents joining her a year later. Her father has passed away but her mother is still living, making her home in Orange. Mr. and Mrs. Hockemeyer have three daughters: Alma, now Mrs. Schnutzen; Dora, the wife of Fred Newcomb and Mrs. Minnie Heinecke and all reside in the vicinity of the home.

After a useful, well-spent life, Mr. Hockemeyer passed away in August, 1905, leaving many friends to mourn his loss. He bequeathed to his widow a most comfortable and elegant home in which to spend the balance of her days. The family arc members of and liberally support the Lutheran Church in Orange. Mrs. Hockemeyer is a member of both the Santiago Orange Growers Association and the Santa Ana Walnut Growers Association.

ARTHUR H. PATERSON — Identified for a number of years with the oil industry, Arthur H. Paterson has for the past four years been the special agent for the Union Oil Company at Santa Ana, and through his efficient handling of the work the business has each year steadily increased. A native of Canada, Mr. Paterson was born at St. Mary's, New Brunswick, on December 18, 1880, his parents being Dr. Edward M. and Maud (Appleton) Paterson. Dr. Paterson, who was a well-known physician and surgeon, brought his family to Oakland, Cal., and there engaged in the practice of his profession, and there he remained until his death, which occurred in July, 1917, Mrs. Paterson having passed away several years previously.

Coming to California at the age of five years, Arthur H. Paterson received his early education in the schools of Oakland and after finishing his studies there he went to Marburg, Germany, and took up a course in medicine, thinking to follow in the footsteps of his father. He did not finish his course there, however, and returned to California, where he decided to engage in commercial pursuits. He started in this line of work as a salesman in 1901 for the Imperial Home Bakery and also as their routing manager, continuing with them until 1906 when he was interested in contracting and building for eighteen months. The next two years were spent with the well known firm of H. Jevne, in Los Angeles, where he gained a well-rounded experience through his connection with all the departments comprising their extensive business. In 1910 he entered the oil business and since that time he has given his exclusive attention to that field. He was first with the Union Oil Company, spending two years at their refinery at Oleum, then taking the position of special agent with the Union Oil Company at Redwood City, which he held for three years. Four years ago he came to Santa Ana as the special agent of the Union Oil Company, and he is still occupying that position, having made an unqualified success. The business has constantly increased during that time and Mr. Paterson now has five stations under his supervision. He also has an independent interest in the oil business, being president and manager of the Tepathol Oil Company; also secretary-treasurer of the Nuevo Oil Company.

In politics Mr. Paterson adheres to the principles of the Republican Party, and is an active member of the Chamber of Commerce and the Merchants and Manufacturers Association. He is prominent in fraternal circles, being a member of the local lodge of Elks and of the Masons, holding membership in the Chapter, the Consistory, the Commandery and Shrine, and is Worthy Patron of the Eastern Star. Mr. Paterson's first marriage occurred on May 9, 1906. At San Rafael, on November 27, 1912, he was united in marriage with Miss Blanche E. McCarter, and they are the parents of two daughters, Margaret Alice and Melba Anita. During his residence in Santa Ana he has entered enthusiastically into the civic life of the community and is ever ready to put his shoulder to the wheel to help its progress.

WILLARD SMITH — A native son of whom the Southland may well be proud is Willard Smith, the able and popular president of the Villa Park .Orchards Association, and one of the best known citizens of Villa Park precinct. He is the only child of James M. and Sophronia (Abbott) Smith, natives of the state of New York, and was born on the home ranch he now operates in conjunction with his two half-brothers, O. K. and A. B. Clark, under the firm name of Smith and Clark. His maternal ancestors were of English origin and were among the Pilgrims who accompanied Miles Standish to the New World on the Mayflower and settled Plymouth. The family were prominent members of and took an active interest in the early doings of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and did valiant service in the Colonial and Revolutionary wars, so Mr. Smith is entitled to membership in the order of the Sons of the American Revolution.

Mr. Smith's father was born in Orange County, New York, and died in Orange County, Cal., at the advanced age of eighty-five. He was a tailor by trade and occupation and made his start in life with the needle. He came west, and lived in various places in the Middle West. A general breakdown of his health caused him to come to California in 1878 to rest and recuperate. He spent his first winter at Santa Barbara, and despite the doctors' prediction that he would not survive many months he recovered his health in the genial California climate. After coming to California he married Mrs. Sophronia Clark, the widow of Dana Clark, an early Californian who originated the citrus industry in Southern California, and who planted the first orange orchard in Santa Paula. She crossed the Isthmus in 1866, and after her marriage to Mr. Clark lived at Santa Barbara, where Mr. Clark died and where the widow met Mr. Smith after her husband's death. They were married in Orange County, in 1880, which was then a part of Los Angeles County. The mother passed away at the age of sixty-five, five weeks before her husband's demise.

When a young man, Willard Smith served an apprenticeship in the photo engraver's trade at San Diego, Cal. He became proficient in this trade, which he followed for a period of five years, most of the time in Los Angeles. Quitting the engraver's trade he came back to the home ranch, which he has operated ever since. The ranch consists of sixty-two acres, forty acres of which are planted to Valencia oranges, and sixteen acres to Eureka lemons. Mr. Smith helped organize the Villa Park Orchards Association in 1913, a very important Orange County business institution. This association has recently built a large orange packing house on a spur of the Southern Pacific Railway at Villa Park, and the magnitude of its business may be judged from its 1919 shipments of oranges, which amounted to $750,000 worth of fruit, which sum was disbursed to orange growers at Villa Park and vicinity. Mr. Smith is also a director in the Bixby Development Company, and with Hugh T. Thomson laid out, irrigated and planted 300 acres of the 400-acre tract known as the Peralta Hills Tract. The directors of the Bixby Development Company are: Willard Smith. Hugh T. Thomson, George H. Bixby. Jotham W. Bixby of Long Beach, and Attorney O'Melveny of Los Angeles. Mr. Smith, who is interested in many other enterprises and projects in Orange County, is well informed and a man of ripe experience and excellent judgment. His counsels are eagerly sought in matters of commercial and political importance. His marriage, which occurred June 1, 1910, united him with Miss Edna Lee, daughter of Albert A. Lee, and they have two sons, George Abbott and Willard Irving. Mr. Smith is also president of the Serrano Water Company and is a member of the Republican Central Committee of Orange County. He was made a Mason in Orange Grove Lodge No. 293, of which he is past master; a member of Orange Chapter No. 99, R. A. M.; knighted in Santa Ana Commandery No. 36, K. T.; Los Angeles Consistory 32nd degree; is a life member of Al Malaikah Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., Los Angeles, and with his wife is a member of the Order of Eastern Star, Orange; he is also a member of Santa Ana Lodge No. 794, B. P. O. Elks.

JOHN A. MAAG — The owner of two fine ranches which comprise his thirty-one- acre home place on Fairhaven Avenue, immediately south of the city of Orange, and sixteen and a half acres at Olive, John A. Maag is a phenomenally successful citrus grower. His success is due to industry, close attention to every detail of the business, and unusual executive ability.

He is of German lineage and birth, having been born in Westphalia, Germany, October 31, 1851, where his father, Frank Maag, was a tenant farmer, and who died when John A. was a child two and a half years of age. The mother, Elizabeth (Schmeltzer) Maag, courageously assumed the responsibility of bringing up her two sons, John A. and Frank P., kept the family together, and through many vicissitudes and hardships successfully accomplished the task.

John A. lived in his native country until he was a lad of fourteen. He acquired his education in the local public schools and in the summer time worked for the neighboring farmers herding cattle. In 1865 the mother and her two sons sailed from Bremen for the shores of the New World, and landed at old Castle Garden, New York City, going thence to their destination at Eagle River, in the Northern Peninsula of Michigan. They
lived in Michigan five years, then went to Columbus, Platte County, Nebr., in 1871, where the mother took up a homestead. She was the first white woman settler in Union Township, in Platte County, Nebr. The family lived through the discouragements incidental to the grasshopper scourge, blizzards, and other vicissitudes and hardships, and young John helped break the virgin sod of Nebraska with oxen. His brother Frank became a Nebraska farmer and died in that state in 1917, leaving a widow and three children. On reaching his majority, John A. homesteaded 160 acres, which he improved and brought under cultivation. This was his first real estate holding and he continued to farm in Nebraska from 1871 until 1891. He was married in Platte County, Nebr., in 1884. to Miss Catherine Steffes, a native of Michigan, who came to Nebraska as a girl. Their union was blessed by the birth of twelve children, ten of whom are living. Two children died in Nebraska, and the youngest six children were born at Orange. Cal. The ten living children are: Frank P., a rancher near Olive, married Virgil Meats of Olive. They are the parents of two children; John W., also engaged in ranching; Mary lives at home; Joseph A., a rancher in the Santa Ana Canyon; Henry, a rancher at Covina. married Florence Amons; William H.. who married Catherine Kermer. and is now ranching in Santa Ana Canyon; George W., who is also ranching in the Santa Ana Canyon, served six months in France in the Thirty-sixth Balloon Company and was honorably discharged; Charles E., at home; Elizabeth Mary, a student at Ramona Convent at Shorb. and Clarence Edwin, who is fourteen years of age.

In 1889 Mr. Maag made an extended trip to the Pacific Coast, and was so favorably impressed with the land of sunshine that he made a second trip in 1891 and visited Los Angeles and Orange County. He liked Southern California so well that he decided to move his family to the state. When they first came they stopped at Los Angeles and remained five months, purchasing a horse and wagon with which they drove all over Southern California. Finally, after looking over the country they bought their present home place in the fall of 1891.

Mr. Maag has taken an active part in the community since he first settled in Orange County. He helped organize the Santiago Orange Growers Association and was the second man who subscribed to its stock. He was president of the association two years and has been a director in it for twenty years. He is a member of the Central Lemon Growers Association at Villa Park, which he also helped organize, is a stockholder, has served as director ever since the association started, and is still on the board. He is a charter member of the Olive Heights Orange Growers Association and has been a director in it since its inception, and is still on the board. He is also a member and director of the Richland Walnut Growers Association, as well as the Orange County Fumigating Association. He helped organize the Citizens Commercial and Savings Bank at Santa Ana. which was afterwards consolidated and is now the California National Bank, being a stockholder in the institution. In 1899 Mr. Maag built a fine two-story frame residence which would cost $10.000 to build at the present time. It is a twelve-room house, commodious and up to date in its appointments. Mr. Maag was reared in the Catholic faith, and he and his wife and family are communicants of St. Joseph's Catholic Church at Santa Ana. Mr. Maag gives due credit to his excellent helpmate for much of the success he has attained in life. She, like himself, has worked and striven, early and late, and their large and highly respected family of children is following in the footsteps of their parents. Upright in character and enterprising in disposition, Mr. Maag is a man of whom Orange County may well be proud.

ANDREW F. MILLS — Among the native Californians residing in Orange County is Andrew F. Mills, more familiarly known as Frank Mills, who occupies a prominent position among the substantial agriculturists that have acquired a competency in their calling. His one hundred sixty acres lies half a mile south of Garden Grove, and is the eastern quarter section of the old Mills family home owned by his father, who settled in the neighborhood in 1875, fourteen years before Orange County was organized and before the town of Garden Grove was in existence.

Andrew F. was born at Princeton, Colusa County, Cal., August 18, 1865, and is the son of Andrew Mills, senior, a California pioneer who came to the coast with a drove of cattle from Missouri in 1851. The elder Mills, a native of Massachusetts, was born near Great Harrington in 1814, and as a young man went West, locating in Missouri, where he married Miss Ruth Ann Ripper, and became a prominent stockman. After coming to California he settled in Colusa County, where he became one of California's early and prosperous stockmen and horsemen, at one time owning 2,000 head of cattle. Of the six children in the parental family Julia is the wife of George McCrindle, and resides at Long Beach, Cal.; Maria is deceased; Abe died at the age of twelve; Jane is the wife of James Young, a rancher at Lemoore, Kings County, Cal., and Andrew F. and his brother George H. are ranchers at Garden Grove, where George owns the west quarter section of the old homestead adjoining his brother's quarter section. Andrew, or "Frank," was ten years old when he accompanied his parents and their family to Los Angeles County in 1875. Anaheim was their post office and trading town and there was only one store at Santa Ana in those days.

Frank grew up on his father's ranch and in 1899 was united in marriage with Miss Ura B. Conkle, daughter of Samuel Q. Conkle. They are the parents of three bright and interesting children: Andrew R., Ruth M., a student in the Santa Ana high school, and Floyd H., a pupil in the Garden Grove grammar school. Mr. Mills owns some of the best soil in the vicinity of Garden Grove and rents his acreage to tenants for growing chili peppers. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Church.

WILLIAM R. YOST — A sturdy, active man and a very interesting personality, representing as he does the good old pioneer days of the blacksmith and wagon maker who knew his trades, and now classed among the prosperous farmers of the Southland, is William R. Yost, of Talbert, who was born near Troy, Davis County, Iowa, near the Missouri boundary line, on January 27, 1863. His father was Isaac Yost, a native of Indiana, who married Miss Nettie Hix, a native of Iowa. In 1873, they removed to Santa Ana, Cal., and pitched their tent for a time in what was then called the Gospel Swamp. In a short time, however, they removed to Santa Ana. In coming west, the Yosts traveled by way of the Central Pacific, and the Union Pacific, over what was known as the Ogden Route, to San Francisco, after which they journeyed south on the steamship "Orizaba," to Wilmington Harbor, and then to Gospel Swamp by wagons.

The elder Yost was a blacksmith by trade, and soon set up his forge at the corner of Main and Fifth streets, Santa Ana. A year later he sold and the family moved to Klamath Falls, Ore. Being a good millwright he built a saw mill on Lost Run Creek, run by water power. Selling out eight months later he returned to Santa Ana and built a blacksmith shop on Fifth and Broadway, and came to have a very interesting association with the early development of the town. He died in Santa Ana in 1882.

The maiden name of Mrs. Yost was indicative of her Scotch-Irish blood, although she came of the best Revolutionary stock, and her father, one of the early settlers of Iowa, fought in the Black Hawk War. She died on December 24, 1919, eighty-three years old, the mother of ten children. Charles is a vineyardist at Coachella; Clara is the wife of John Miller, a merchant at Phoenix, Ariz.; William R., now a farmer, is operating the McQuiston ranch of 120 acres at Talbert; John was accidentally killed at El Toro; James resides in Santa Ana; Mary is the wife of William McLaughlin and resides in Ventura County; George, also a rancher, resides in Fresno County; Malin works in the shipyard at San Pedro; Myron is in the auto business at Los Angeles; and Leo is the wife of Fred Cole, of West Fourth Street, who owns a walnut ranch of twenty acres in Santa Ana.

William R. attended the common schools in Santa Ana, learned the blacksmith's trade under his father, and in the same town started in business for himself. He ran a machine shop and a foundry, and made all kinds of vehicles and implements such as would be demanded thereabouts, and he did all the blacksmithing work for James McFadden, who was the chief spirit in building the Santa Ana and Newport Railway as well as for the Fairview Railroad, now a thing of the past. His shop was located at the corner of Fifth Street and Broadway, and there, among other exceptional things not turned out by everyone, he made all the switch plates for the Newport road.

After a while, Mr. Yost quit smithing and became a cattle buyer and a drover, raising, buying, selling and shipping cattle in Riverside, Orange, Los Angeles and San Diego counties. About 1906 he began farming on the O'Neill ranch near El Toro, and then he went to San Juan Capistrano, leased a ranch where he raised grain and beans, then back on the San Joaquin ranch where he farmed about five years. In 1920 he leased the McQuiston place of 120 acres near Talbert, where he raises beets and alfalfa.

On April 30, 1889, Mr. Yost was married to Miss Ida Kell, a native of Sacramento, and a daughter of William and Sallie (Sharp) Kell, early Californians. Her father later settled at Pomona, and there she was married. They have had nine children. Lucy is Mrs. James Leonard and resides at Los Angeles. Edith is the wife of H. P. Thelan of Santa Ana. Wilmath is in the telephone office at Santa Ana. Ida is Mrs. Jack Melchard, and lives in Santa Ana. Wilfred is an engineer at Sacramento. John is with his father on a farm, and so is Robert; and Ruth and Angela are at home.

Mr. Yost is prominent as an Odd Fellow in Santa Ana, and has been very active in many ways in furthering the development of Orange County; and he is well known among and highly esteemed by the pioneers of both Santa Ana and Orange counties.

ANDREW BAKER — An enterprising and successful rancher who has devoted over a quarter of a century of his life towards the development of Orange County is Andrew Baker, a resident of Stanton. He was born in Perquimans County, N. C., on December 25, 1848, the son of James A. and Lucretia (Blanchard) Baker, who moved to Indiana before the Civil War. It was some years later that Andrew Baker migrated further westward, stopping in Jasper County, Mo., where he followed farming until 1879, then disposed of his holdings and located in Morris County, Kans. Thirteen years later he decided on a new move {hat would take him to California, and he arrived in Orange County on March 22, 1892, purchasing his present property the following year. This forty acres was situated on what was called the alkali flat, and was a part of the great Stearns Rancho. The land was in its primitive condition, covered with cacti and infested with jack rabbits. Possessed with the indomitable spirit of the pioneer settler, Mr. Baker at once began to clear the land and make necessary improvements so he could begin ranching, and even had to help to build the roads in this section, which had only been staked off. He hauled off from his property over fifty wagon loads of cactus, and has made of his place one of the best and most productive ranches in this part of Orange County. At first his water for irrigation came from an artesian well, but this source of supply soon gave out, and he sunk a new well to the depth of 159 feet, which gives him an abundance of water for irrigation and domestic purposes. For seven years he pumped the water by horse power, then installed a thirteen horsepower gas engine. He grows a diversified lot of products, and is well satisfied that he has cast his lines in such pleasant quarters as Orange County.

Mr. Baker has always been interested in every movement that had as its aim the upbuilding and development of the best interests of his community, and took an active part in the incorporation of the town of Stanton, and in the educational affairs of his district. He was the prime mover in having the Magnolia School district organized in 1895, and gave the name to the school, and he was a member of the first board of trustees. His ranch is near the school on Magnolia Avenue, and therefore he was more deeply interested in the maintaining of a good school, which now has an enrollment of almost 100 scholars.

On January 1, 1878, Andrew Baker was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth A., daughter of John P. and Martha (Hayworth) Mills. Mrs. Baker was born in Keoktik County, Iowa, on March 8, 1853, lived there until she was fifteen, and then accompanied the family to Jasper County, Mo., where she was united in marriage with Mr. Baker, at the city of Carthage. This happy union has been blessed with six children: Arthur G.. a graduate of the Hastings Law School in San Francisco, is a well- known attorney in Los Angeles. He is married and lives in Pasadena. Fannie M. is the wife of J. T. Lyon, a realty dealer of Anaheim: Dora M. became the wife of G. N. Miller, and had two children. Viola and Alice. She died June 24, 1919. Oliver G. was in charge of the Pacific Electric station at Stanton for over eight years. He owns eight highly improved acres of oranges on Stanton Avenue, where he and his wife reside. James A. owns ten acres of oranges on Broadway, was a teacher for several years, but is now a member of the realty firm of Lyon and Baker in Anaheim. He is the father of three children, Marjorie, Warren and Gerald. Paul Noble received a high school education and was an electrical engineer in the employ of the city of Los Angeles, and when the first call came for soldiers and sailors for the great World War, he enlisted as a common sailor in the U. S. Navy, and through his exceptional ability and efficient service rose to the rank of ensign. He is still in the Navy.

Mr. Baker is a firm believer in Christianity and supports all movements that come to" his notice for the elevation of the standard of morals and the social betterment of his community. He and his family are very highly esteemed by all who know them for their genuineness of character and high ideals of citizenship.

HENRY ROHRS, JR. — A resident of Orange County since his fifth year, Henry Rohrs, Jr., is developing a flourishing and productive orange and walnut orchard on West Fairhaven Avenue in the vicinity of Orange. Ohio was Mr. Rohrs' native state, his birth occurring at Defiance, Henry County, in that state August 3, 1876. His parents, Fred and Anna (Grobrugge) Rohrs, were both natives of Germany, coming here in the days of their youth. The father located at Defiance, Ohio, and after purchasing eighty acres of land, which he cleared of timber and stumps, there engaged in raising stock and grain.

There were five children in the Rohrs' family; Henry, the subject of this review; Fred, John, George and Minnie. When Henry Rohrs was five years of age the family removed to Santa Ana, Cal., arriving on March 12, 1881. where the parents still make their home. He attended the public school in Santa Ana and at the same time worked on the home ranch, his father being engaged in ranching after coming to California. Until he was twenty-four years of age Henry remained at home, working hard in helping his father with all the duties of the home place. He was always thrifty and industrious, so that in 1900 he was able to purchase eleven acres on West Fairhaven Avenue, the development of which he diligently applied himself. In 1916 he became the owner of nine acres at Tustin and Fairhaven avenues, which was planted
to Navels and Sweets, but he has since reset the whole tract to Valencias, which bids fair to be one of the best producing groves in this locality.

At the home of the bride's parents in the Orange district on March 21, 1901, Mr. Rohrs was united in marriage with Miss Minnie A. Franzen, the ceremony being performed by Reverend J. Kraeber. Mrs. Rohrs is a daughter of Asmus and Dorothea (Schmidt) Franzen, who were born near Flensburg, Denmark. The father served in the Danish army in the Slesvig-Holstein War, 1864 to 1866, and afterwards also served in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71. He resided near Flensburg until 1879, when he came to America, and later brought his family to Columbus Junction, Iowa, where he pioneered, cleared the raw land from brush and broke the soil for growing crops. In March, 1889, he located in Orange County and soon afterwards bought twenty-seven and a half acres on Fairhaven Avenue at the corner of Yorba Avenue, where he built a residence and made his home until 1908, when he sold it and moved to Santa Ana, where his wife died at the age of seventy-three. He then made his home with Mr. and Mrs. Henry Rohrs, Jr., until his death on February 4. 1916, at the age of seventy- seven. Mr. Franzen for his services in the Slesvig-Holstein War received a medal of honor from King Christian of Denmark. The last three years of his life he received a pension from the Danish government. Mrs. Rohrs is the youngest of four children. three of whom are living. She came here in her youth and received her education In Orange County.

Mr. and Mrs. Rohrs are the parents of four children, to whom they are giving the best educational advantages within their means: Frances A. who is in the Orange Union high school class of 1921; Alvin H.; and the twins, Clarence and Kenneth. They are active members of Zion's Evangelical Church at Santa Ana.

In partnership with Mathias Nisson and John Maier, Mr. Rohrs sunk a well 400 feet deep on his place and installed a Pomona deep well pump run by a twenty-horsepower motor. This was completed June 12, 1912. and with its flow of forty inches of water has since then been of exceptional value to the three ranches although they all get service from the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company. Mr. Rohrs is a member of the Santa Ana Walnut Growers Association and is deeply interested in public affairs, gives intelligent consideration to all the vital questions of the day, although he personally does not care to hold public office. While a supporter of Republican principles he casts his vote for the best man in local affairs, regardless of party. Both Mr. and Mrs. Rohrs' highest ambition is to rear their family according to the loftiest ideals of American citizenship.

J. EDMUND SNOW — The inspiring annals of pioneer life are certainly recalled in the family history of J. Edmund Snow. His father, H. K. Snow, was born in Whiteside, N. H., in 1834, being directly descended from the three Snow brothers of Snow Hill, London, who arrived in this country four years after the Mayflower landed. When only eighteen years of age he came to California around the Horn on the "Witch of the Wave," the voyage lasting 116 days. Arriving in California, he went at once to the mines of Calaveras and Mariposa counties, where he remained four years. He crossed the Isthmus of Panama four times.

Later he was engaged in business at Osage, Iowa, and while there married Miss Cynthia Downs. In 1859 they moved to Bandera County, Texas, where they engaged in the cattle business. When the Civil War broke out, they moved to California; being Union sympathizers they could not pass through El Paso, so, driving an ox team, they made a detour through Chihuahua, arriving in San Francisco late in 1861. For seventeen years Mr. Snow engaged in business in Vallejo and while there served for two years as county recorder.

In 1877 he removed his family to Tustin, buying a home place of fifty acres in orchard, and later bought and sold other properties. He devoted all his time to the improvement of these lands and to the extension of the irrigation system, being one of the originators of the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation system. Mr. Snow made his name familiar to every horticulturist in the state while in Tustin. When the California Legislature recommended a tariff of twenty cents a cubic foot on citrus fruits he believed the amount too small and determined to give his efforts toward securing a higher rate. He originated the idea of the tariff of one cent a pound on citrus fruits. Accompanied by M. J. Daniels he was sent to Washington by the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. Securing the support of Senator Perkins and Senator Jones of Nevada, and of Senator White, a Democrat, his efforts were successful, after spending five months in Washington.

Not alone were his efforts devoted to citrus fruits, for he was one of the enterprising parties to establish the peat drainage district at Smeltzer. In 1903 the Tustin home was sold to Ray Osmun, who erected a beautiful home of Mexican type upon it. Here the world-famed Madame Modjeska resided for a time, and later it was purchased by A. J. Crookshank, president of the First National Bank of Santa Ana, who now makes it his home.

Mr. Snow moved to Ventura County, building a new home on his walnut ranch. Here he lived the remaining days of his life, passing away in 1913. He was a life-long Republican and was a thirty-second degree Mason, belonging to the Chapter and Consistory. His second wife, Elva Downs, a sister of his. first wife, still resides at the Ventura County home.

James Edmund Snow, the third son of Mr. and Mrs. H. K. Snow, was born in Vallejo and was but two years of age when the family moved to Tustin. Here the lad attended the public school and later attended the Santa Ana high school. In 1899 he went to Cibola, Ariz., and proved up on a half section of land lying along the Colorado River. At this time he also purchased from his father what was known as the Allen ranch, lying between Talbert and Costa Mesa. This place was adapted to the raising of grain and celery and for dairying. It was sold in 1906 to Goldschmidt Bros., and it is of interest to note that it was on this ranch that gas was first noticed in Orange County. Some fifteen years before this, Mr. Allen, the original owner, found gas coming from an artesian well. This he collected in a tank placed over his well, pipes carrying it to his home and it was used successfully for fuel.

In 1903 Mr. Snow was married in Santa Ana to Miss Edith Johnston daughter of John and Laura (Safley) Johnston, who moved to this state from Tipton, Iowa, when Edith was nine years of age. The Johnstons purchased a home on North Main Street, Santa Ana, and here Mr. Johnston still lives. Mrs. Johnston having passed away in 1914. Mrs. Snow was educated at the Santa Ana high school and at the Los Angeles State Normal School.

In 1908 Mr. Snow moved from Santa Ana to the Imperial Valley, where he purchased government land relinquishments near Brawley, until he had 800 acres under development with the service of the Imperial Water Company, No. 5, from the Colorado River. In 1912 this ranch was traded for seventy acres of oranges at Riverside. Here the family resided until the death of Mrs. Johnston, when they returned to Santa Ana and for the next three years kept the home on North Main Street for Mr. Johnston.

In February. 1918, the present home at 335 West Eighteenth Street was purchased, and here Mr. and Mrs. Snow now live with their interesting family of three sons — Jack W.. James Edmund, Jr., and Paul Johnston, who are pupils in the public schools. Mr. Snow is engaged in the real estate business. He is a Mason and in national politics is a Republican, but in local affairs is as nonpartisan as they make 'em. 

HENRY EVANS — The handsomely built city of Norwich, Norfolk County, England, with its world-wide reputation as a center for the manufacture of textile fabrics, was the birthplace of Henry Evans, the owner of a fine ranch located a mile southwest of Garden Grove.

Mr. Evans was born May 6, 1848, a son of William and Mary (Pierce) Evans, both natives of England who married, lived and died in their native country. The father, who was a stockman, died at the age of seventy-six, and the mother at forty- eight, when Henry was twelve years old. In a family of four children Henry is the youngest child and the only member of the family now living. His sister Sarah, and brother William, both unmarried, lived with him on his Garden Grove ranch and died there. Another sister lived and died in England. Henry grew up on his father's 100- acre stock farm in England, and was educated in the common schools and in boarding schools of his native country. Coming to America in 1881 he located in Texas, and after a year and a half drifted to the San Fernando Valley, Cal., where he spent eight years before he came to Garden Grove in 1891. He has lived on his present ranch thirty years, and now, at the age of seventy-two, has retired from the more active duties of life, and rents the property to tenants who raise chili peppers on it.

Mr. Evans has seen much of the development of this section of the state and Orange County and is a man of forceful personality, gifted with a high order of intelligence, and his mental and moral characteristics are such as have won for him the esteem and confidence of all who know him. In his religious convictions he is an Episcopalian.

JOHN REEDER GARDINER — A progressive upbuilder and a native son of Orange County, J. R. Gardiner of Fullerton has demonstrated his public spirit in many ways as a supporter of every movement that has had for its aim the betterment of conditions in general for Fullerton and its environs. He was born near what is now the town of Fullerton, on December 21, 1873, a son of the late Alexander Gardiner, a native of Scotland who came to the United States when he was eighteen years old and settled in Rockford, Tenn. He became the superintendent of a cotton mill there and demonstrated his ability as a machinist and an engineer on many occasions. He was married in Rockford to Miss Susan Reeder, a native daughter of Tennessee and they migrated to California in 1868, traveling by train to San Francisco and thence by boat to Los Angeles County, settling on a ranch in what is now known as the Orangethorpe school district. There he developed a ranch and lived until he answered the final roll call in August, 1916, at the age of seventy-eight. His good wife survived him until June, 1920. when she passed away at the age of eighty-three years, the mother of seven children, six of them now living.

John R. Gardiner received his schooling in the Orangethorpe school district, and remained on the home ranch until he was eighteen years of age, when he went to Duarte to learn the trade of blacksmith and horseshoer in a shop owned by his brother- in-law. After mastering the trade he returned to Fullerton in 1896, the flourishing city being then little more than a village, and started in business. The venture did not prove profitable and he left it to work in the oil fields in Bear Canyon for a year. In 1900 he took charge of his brother's livery business and carried it on for three years, then went to Los Angeles and engaged in selling real estate. It was in 1907 that he again felt the lure of his native town calling him and he returned and began to work at the forge until 1910, when he purchased his employer's business and here he has been ever since. The business grew from a small beginning until it assumed the proportion of, the largest blacksmith shop of its kind in this section of the county, Mr. Gardiner, by his genial manners and efforts to please, retaining his patrons, who came from far and near to secure his services. In 1920 he added to his establishment a complete line of agricultural implements, trucks and tractors, the whole representing many thousands of dollars invested and here he requires the services of from five to ten men to handle his work. The most modern of equipment is found in operation and his quality of work is considered his best advertisement.

On February 19, 1902, Mr. Gardiner and Miss Louise Dean were united in marriage at Fullerton. She is a native of Wisconsin and a daughter of James W. and Susan (Brown) Dean, both now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner have had three children: Carroll D.. Kenneth R. and Donald William. Mrs. Gardiner shares with her husband the good will and esteem of their many friends.

In politics Mr. Gardiner is a Democrat on national issues, but in local matters he is strictly nonpartisan and works for every local improvement. He was one of the first trustees of Fullerton after the incorporation of the city and he was reelected. serving for three terms, during which time many substantial and lasting improvements were installed. For eight years he served as city treasurer. He is a charter member of the Fullerton Club" and when the World War was in progress he joined the local Home Guards and otherwise assisted in war work. Mr. Gardiner is a Mason, holding membership in Fullerton Lodge No. 339, F. & A. M., of which he is a past master; he is a member of Fullerton Chapter No. 90, R. A. M.; Santa Ana Council No. 14, R. & S. M.; Fullerton Commandery No. 55, Knights Templar and Fullerton Chapter, No. 191, Order of Eastern Star, in which he is a past patron. Mrs. Gardiner is past matron of the Eastern Star.

DAVID G. WETTLIN — A gentleman unusually well qualified as a public official is David G. Wettlin, city clerk and ex-officio city assessor of Orange, formerly an experienced practicing attorney, who came to California about a decade ago. He was born at Woodville, Miss., on May 20, 1886, the son of G. A. Wettlin, a native of Germany, who settled as a merchant in Mississippi, where he lived until he retired. He now resides at Alhambra, Cal. He had married Maggie Lindenmeyer, a native of Mississippi, who died there when David was in his second year. They had three children, and our subject was the youngest in the family.

He was brought up at Woodville, where he was educated in the preparatory school, and at Swanee, Tenn., in the Episcopal military academy, and after having finished their courses entered the University of the South at Sewanee, Tenn.. where he continued for two years. Then he matriculated in the law school of the University of Mississippi at Oxford, from which well-known institution he was duly graduated, in 1907, with the degree of LL.B. He was admitted to the bar of Mississippi and practiced at Woodville for two years.

In 1910 Mr. Wettlin came to California and located at Los Angeles, where he engaged in real estate transacting, and at the end of two years removed to Huntington Beach, for the practice of law. His knowledge of legal procedure was soon appreciated, and he was elected city attorney of that place, and when he gave up that responsible office, it was to leave there an enviable record for both ability and fidelity.

In 1913 Mr. Wettlin located at Orange, where he practiced law with success, and in April, 1918, he was elected city clerk of Orange, and in the middle of that month took up the duties of that office. In April, 1920, he was reelected city clerk without opposition, and has entered upon his second term. He was also made, by virtue of his office, city assessor. He belongs to the Orange County Bar Association, and as a Democrat is a member of the Democratic Central Committee from Orange County. He is a member of the Merchants and Manufacturers Association, and is secretary and treasurer of the Men's Club of Orange.

While at Huntington Beach, Mr. Wettlin was married to Miss Vera Pryor, a native of Arkansas, by whom he has had two children — Emma June and David G., Jr. He belongs to the Episcopal Church, and was superintendent of the Sunday School there last year. Mrs. Wettlin belongs to the Christian Church of Orange.

Mr. Wettlin was made a Mason in Woodville Lodge, Miss., and was exalted in Woodville, Miss., Chapter, R. A. M., and was knighted in the Malta Commandery at Woodville. He is also a member of the Eastern Star at that place, and is now affiliated with Orange Grove Lodge No. 293, F. & A. M., and Orange Grove Chapter No. 99, R. A. M., and the Santa Ana Commandery, Knights Templar. With Mrs. Wettlin, he is a member of the Scepter Chapter No. 163, O. E. S., of Orange; he belongs to the Orange Lodge of Odd Fellows, and he and Mrs. Wettlin are members of the Rebekahs.

GODFREY J. STOCK — Prominent among the successful, influential citizens of Anaheim must be mentioned Godfrey J. Stock, an American doubly interesting because of his career as a "self-made" man. He was born in Lenawee County, Mich., on September 29, 1868, was reared on a farm, and attended the country schools of the neighborhood. Just twenty years later he arrived at Anaheim, Cal., where he had two sisters living; and although he came here sixty dollars in debt, he is now comfortably prosperous, having long ago repaid all that he owed.

His first work was for H. C. Gade, who conducted a trucking and transfer business; and in time he bought him out, and carried on the business himself. The firm is now known as the Anaheim Truck and Transfer Company, and it is one of the pioneer institutions of the city. After selling out, Mr. Stock bought nineteen acres of the John Adams ranch on South Walnut Street, then partly set out to fruit, and this property he has greatly improved with orange and walnut trees. He erected two houses there, and has made of it one of the best-developed ranches in the county. He also has put up two modern garage buildings on South Los Angeles Street, on lots he bought seventeen years ago. For a number of years he has been engaged in real estate transactions, buying, selling and subdividing property, having put several subdivisions to Anaheim on the market.

Mr. Stock served for a number of years as trustee of the city of Anaheim, and during that period many important improvements were undertaken. Streets were paved and sewers, were built, and other steps .forward made, of .which Mr. Stock had long been a foremost advocate. He is a stockholder, and was formerly a director, in the Anaheim Citrus Fruit Association and the Walnut Growers Association, and he has contributed toward their growth, as he has profited by their activities.

On Christmas Day, 1892, Mr. Stock was married to Miss Mary Boege, a native of Anaheim, and the daughter of T. J. F. Boege, the pioneer. Three children have blessed the union. R. F. Stock graduated from the Polytechnic high school in Los Angeles, and was employed by the General Electric Company when the war broke out, at which time he resigned and enlisted for service of the U. S. Government in the electrical engineering and anti-aircraft division. He entered the officers' training school, successfully passed the examination, and was commissioned a first lieutenant. When he arrived in France he was placed with the Searchlight Division, and his command was at the front when the armistice was signed. He returned to the United States, and received his honorable discharge, and resumed his former position with the General Electric Company. He married, in Chicago, Miss Bernardine Price, formerly of Anaheim, and they have a daughter, Bertha. Oswald Stock is at home. Arthur, the youngest son, enlisted in the U. S. Marines in 1919 and is still in service. Both the younger sons graduated from the Anaheim high school. G. J. Stock has attained to all the chairs in Odd Fellowship and the Encampment, and he is a member of Anaheim Lodge No. 1345, B. P. O. Elks, and of the Knights of Pythias.

JOHN H. SCHROEDER — A hard-working rancher, whose intelligent foresight, industry and thrift have been crowned with success, is John H. Schroeder. of 2203 Lincoln Street, Santa Ana. He was born at Visselhovede, in Hanover, Germany, on November 20. 1857, the son of Frederick and Mary Schroeder, highly-esteemed residents of that country, and was educated in the excellent schools of Visselhovede. He lived at home until he was twenty-two years of age, and then he migrated to America. Landing at Castle Garden, New York, in 1879, he came almost directly to Napoleon, Henry County, Ohio, where he spent a few months trying to get his bearings. Then he went to Kelly's Island, Erie County, Ohio, to work on farms, but soon returned to Henry County.

In November, 1880, Mr. Schroeder came out to California and soon found employment as a farm hand in the vicinity of Santa Ana. He also early purchased ten acres lying between Santa Ana and Tustin, but within a year, sold it. In 1882. he purchased the homesite on which he is now living. This tract contained fifteen acres, one acre being planted to a variety of fruit trees. In 1890, he sold two acres, and the remaining thirteen are now devoted as follows: five acres to walnuts, five to oranges, and three to apricots. The whole tract is served by the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company.

Some years after the date of these transactions, Mr. Schroeder purchased a seventeen-acre tract in West Orange, half of which is devoted to walnuts and apricots interset, and seven acres to oranges. On this tract he built a home which is now occupied by his son, Albert F. Schroeder. Little by little Mr. Schroeder added improvement after improvement, planting the trees with his own hands, so that he can feel more than the mere pride of ownership in what he has title to. He is a member of the Orange, the Apricot and Prune and the Walnut Associations and has always been favorable to them as the sure way to market his crops at living prices. He has added, in the truest sense, to the wealth of the county, as he has, in the education and upbringing of his family, added to the honor and dignity of the state.

On April 20, 1893. Mr. Schroeder was married to Miss Sophie Haase, daughter of Frederick and Sophie Haase, and a native, like himself, of Visselhovede. She came alone to New York in 1885, her parents following seven years later; and reached California first in 1893. Five children blessed this auspicious union. The eldest was the late H. William Schroeder, one of the genuine heroes of the late war; while the second in order of birth was Albert F. Schroeder, who lives on the seventeen-acre ranch in West Orange. Freda is taking a course in the Normal School at Los Angeles; Carl is at home working on his father's ranch; and Emma is a pupil in the Santa Ana grammar school.

Henry William Schroeder, whose sacrifice for his country will be spoken of with pride so long as the annals of Orange County tell to future generations the devotion and suffering of Santa Ana youth, entered the United States service in September, 1917, and trained at Camp Lewis in Company D of the Three-hundred sixty-fourth Infantry. In March he was sent to Camp Green, N. C., where he was transferred to Company M of the Forty-seventh Infantry. At Camp Green he trained for two months, when he went East to Camp Mills, N. J., and set sail for France. He served in the great Chateau Thierry drive, St. Mihiel, and on September 30, 1918, died in the field hospital, after notably brave action and initiative, and where he had so conducted himself that he reflected honor on himself and all those closely related to him, breathing his last from wounds received in the fierce Meuse-Argonne offensive. In such a death as this of one of the most promising of Orange County's young men, may it not be said that John H. Schroeder, the pioneer, has generously paid whatever debt he once owed to the land of his adoption.

                                                  

ASMUS PETER JACOBSEN — A man whose untiring industry and exemplary management have made him comfortably well-to-do, so that now he owns a fine estate of twenty acres, with a cozy, well-furnished residence, is Asmus Peter Jacobsen, who first came to California in the "boom" period of the late eighties. He was born in Flensburg, province of Schleswig, on September 9, 1862, the son of a farmer, on which account he was reared on a farm and educated in the local schools. In 1878 the Jacobsens emigrated to the United States and located at Sycamore, in De Kalb County, Ill., and there Asmus continued his schooling, while he also assisted his father. He worked for his father until he was twenty-five years of age, and during that period of faithful apprenticeship he helped to clear the home place of debt.

In 1887, Mr. Jacobsen pushed out for himself, west to California, and settling at Orange began to work on a citrus ranch and in a vineyard. His employer was Mr. Leslie, and the latter soon appreciated both the ability and the willingness of the young man. Once well established here he married Miss Marie Ehlen, a native of Hanover, Germany; and with her help as new capital of the most desirable kind he rented the farm of twenty acres he at present owns. In 1902 he was able to buy the ranch, and he at once set to work to make improvements thereon. He set out the choicest Valencia oranges and lemons, and added to the number of buildings, and in due time had a ranch of the kind prized by the most experienced, enabling him with confidence to share the activities of the Santiago Orange Growers Association, the Central Lemon Association, and the Richland Walnut Growers Association.

Mr. Jacobsen has a family of four children — Walter, Sirene, Esther and Ernst — all of whom are at home in the fine residence erected by their father. The family attend the Lutheran Church, and Mr. Jacobsen serves on the board of trustees. Orange County has always extended the most cordial welcome to such pioneer settlers as the Jacobsens, and it must be said that the welcome has not been offered to the thousands of desirables flocking here in vain.

GEORGE D. DIERKER — A dependable American citizen of much executive ability and pleasing personality, who is both an experienced citrus grower and horticulturist and a successful business man, is George D. Dierker, who resides with his family in his beautiful country bungalow on his ranch of twenty-five acres, two and a half miles northeast of Orange, on Tustin Street. He was born in the fine old county of St. Charles, in Missouri, on December 9, 1869, and is the oldest son and third child of Henry Dierker, long one of the most honored citizens of Orange, Cal. When two years old he was taken to Cuming County, Nebr., where his father was to farm, and there attended first the common district schools and then the high school at West Point.

In 1892, with the rest of the Dierker family, he came out to California, and settled at Orange. At first he bought ten acres on an extension of North Main Street, in the West Orange precinct, and planted the same to Navel oranges, lemons and apricots. He stayed there ten years, in the meanwhile improving his acreage, and in 1904 sold it at a good advance in price. Two years before, Mr. Dierker bought his present place. twelve acres of which he has planted to Valencias, five acres to Navels, and six to lemons. The balance of the twenty-five acres is given up to yards surrounding his fine dwelling, which he had erected in 1911-12. He is an active member of the Villa Park Orchards Association, which has a packing house at Villa Park as its main shipping point. He is also a director in the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company, which irrigates 17,000 acres. He has served continuously as director for the past fifteen years, and was president of the company from 1909 to 1915.

In 1894 Mr. Dierker was married to Miss Lena Bandick, a native of Kansas, who came to California a little girl in the early eighties, accompanying her parents. Now they have four children. Agnes W. is the wife of the Rev. W. L. Westerman of Kansas City. Esther H. is the wife of John Eltiste. of Fullerton. Alma M. is a graduate of the Orange high school. Urban G. is the youngest of the family. Mr. and Mrs. Dierker are members of the Lutheran Church at Orange, and he served on the building committee at the time of the erection of the large, new Lutheran Church edifice in Orange, put up in 1914 at a cost of over $52,000. He has endeavored to lead a clean, industrious, exemplary life, and votes for the best men and the best measures, irrespective of party affiliations.

NEREUS H. LEONARD — A well-known rancher whose exceptional prosperity, enabling him in later years to live comfortably retired, could not fail to make him satisfied with Orange County and devoted to the great Golden State, is Nereus H. Leonard, who long ago campaigned for prohibition, when that ideal, now a glorious reality, seemed far away as a goal. He was born at Greensboro, N. C., on January 21, 1852, the son of Elisha and Laura (Reynolds) Leonard, who were in sympathy with the North and opposed to slavery, and so found it advisable, when sectional troubles came, to remove to a more peaceful zone. In 1857, therefore, they sold their farm of 100 acres in North Carolina and migrated to Danville, Ind.; and there they stayed until 1860, when they again disposed of their property and removed to Spring Valley, Minn. And in the latter place they acquired 200 acres of land.

Nereus Leonard left home in December, 1873, to seek his fortune, and almost directly came to San Bernardino, Cal., where he worked on a ranch and also for W. S. La Praix in the lumber business. Three years later, he returned to Spring Valley and purchased a large tract of cheap land; and then, for twenty-one years, he engaged in the raising of stock on an extensive scale.

On August 22, 1878, Mr. Leonard married Lucy A. Bradley, at Spring Valley, the daughter of Philo and Mary Ann (King) Bradley. The Kings early took Government land in Sunnier township and later near Fairmount, Minn., and after great hardships due to the grasshoppers, they returned to Spring Valley. In 1897, Mr. Leonard came to California with his family and seventeen years later sold his Spring Valley holdings.

Choosing Orange County, the Leonards built their home near the old Ocean View schoolhouse on a. ranch of forty acres devoted to celery, corn and potatoes. At the end of two years, they sold this property, and moved to a ten-acre ranch on Santa Clara and Grand avenues. There they lived until 1905, when Mr. Leonard purchased forty-six acres at West Orange, later selling nineteen acres to his son-in-law, C. S. Minter.

Mr. Leonard afterward purchased forty acres known as the Mayberry Tract; and this, together with his previous acquisition, gives him sixty fine acres, thirty-two of which are under the service of the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company. He lived on his ranch until 1907, when he built a house at 2227 North Broadway, Santa Ana, and moved into it. On the first of January, 1920, he removed to 601 West Fifth Street, where he at present resides.

Despite his busy life, Mr. Leonard has always been a leader in the promotion of progressive movements for the community's good, and on no one thing can he look back with more satisfaction perhaps, than in the active part he took in the organization of the Orange County Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company, a sketch of this company being given elsewhere in this work. A member of its first board of directors, Mr. Leonard served as its vice-president for several years, and personally wrote the first four or five applications filed with the secretary of the company.

Four children have honored these worthy parents. The eldest is Mrs. Eleanor Minter, who lives on a ranch at the north end of Bristol Street and the mother of four children — Ivo, Neal Dow, Glenn and Claudine. Doxander P. resides on a ranch in West Orange. He married Edna M. Ward and they have four children — Dorothy, Dorcas, Rodney and Hazel. Edith has become Mrs. E. F. Minter, of Sanger, Fresno County; while the fourth in the order of birth is Frances, who is a student .nurse at the Santa Ana Hospital.

D. R. MACDONALD — Emphatically a man of energy and enterprise, who is aiding in a most substantial way the higher development of the citrus industry of Orange County is D. R. Macdonald, the popular and successful dealer in fertilizers. He was born in Ontario, Canada, May 25, 1873, and when he reached young manhood migrated to the United States, locating in Montana, where he entered the employ of Nelson Story, on his 4,000-acre ranch near Bozeman. At first he rode the range as a cowboy; later on he was advanced to the responsible position of foreman of the Story ranch, where both cattle and grain were raised.

During the year 1901, Mr. Macdonald located in Seattle, Wash., where he engaged in the contracting business, making a specialty of street grading, and did a large and important work in cutting down the hills and leveling the land in that city. In 1910, Mr. Macdonald came to California and located at San Diego, where he was engaged as superintendent of construction work under State Highway Engineer A. B. Fletcher, and helped in constructing the splendid state highway in San Diego County; he also built the roadway on the Poway grade and helped in the construction of other roads in the county.

In May, 1916, Mr. Macdonald came to Orange County, locating at Garden Grove, where he engaged in raising sugar beets. Later, with keen business foresight, he saw an opportunity for the development of a great field in the handling and selling of fertilizers, for in these days of scientific farming a broad knowledge of fertilizers and modern methods of their application to certain soils is absolutely essential to success, and this is particularly true in citrus culture. With his characteristic progressive spirit he entered into the new venture and opened an office at Anaheim at 171 West Center Street, and has built up a large and lucrative business. Not only does he furnish fertilizer to the orchardists, but makes contracts for spreading it. One of the largest contracts received by him was one for 139 carloads of fertilizer for the Sam Kraemer ranch at Placentia.

In June, 1901, Mr. Macdonald was united in marriage with May Pickering, a native of Utah. Fraternally he is a member of the Woodmen of the World, and in religious matters he is a member of the Catholic Church. One of Anaheim's sterling and dependable citizens, he can always be found enthusiastically supporting every movement for the advancement of the best interests of Orange County.

J. FRANK SCHWEITZER — California has been fortunate in the large number of expert workmen of one kind or another who have been attracted to her promising domain, and who have therefore made no small contribution toward her development on broad, progressive lines, and among such efficient workers must be mentioned J. Frank Schweitzer, the popular foreman of the Brca and Pacific gasoline plant. He is an Ohioan by birth, and so comes rather naturally by a liking for, and a knowledge of an industry early developed in parts of the East and now so important in California.

Born at Toledo on February 3, 1877, Frank is the son of William and Mary (Luty) Schweitzer, both of whom are now living, retired from their long and active labors. They were worthy folk, and devoted to their three children; and none the less helpful to our subject, the second child, who was sent to the grammar schools and then given two years of study at the high school.

As soon as a good opportunity presented itself, Frank learned the trade of a machinist, and this he worked at previous to coming to California in 1905. At first he located at Olinda, in Orange County, and since then, his experience and ability being more and more recognized, he has had charge of various shops.

In 1914 Mr. Schweitzer took the position which he holds at the present time and which he fills so well to the satisfaction of all concerned. He has became an active member of the Chamber of Commerce, and although recognized as a Republican in matters of national politics he supports the best men and measures in local affairs; he was once appointed to fill a vacancy in the city trustees, and since then he has been elected for a four-year term beginning with 1918.

On July 24, 1906, Mr. Schweitzer was married to Miss Julia E. Meissner, by whom he has had two children, Dorothy and J. Frank, Jr. The family attend the Christian Church, and cooperate in all movements for social uplift, as they also show their public-spiritedness in endeavoring to raise civic standards.

JOHN ALLEN AKERS — A native son of the great Golden State, who, by hard, intelligent work has won a place for himself in the agricultural world, is John Allen Akers, residing with his family in the La Habra district of Orange County. He was born at Santa Paula, Ventura County, November 23, 1872. the second eldest son of John Akers, born at Salem, Ind., November 26, 1835, but was a farmer in Iowa, whither he went as a young man and there married, March 25, 1858, Miss Sarah Harbord, who was born in Missouri on December 7, 1841. With three small children the family crossed the plains with ox-teams in an early day and settled near Salt Lake City, where Mr. Akers operated a sawmill for two years. There another child was born. The family came to California in November, 1866, and for a while lived at El Monte, later moving to the vicinity of Santa Paula, where they stopped a short time and then settled on a ranch of 200 acres on the Sespe River, near the town of Fillmore, improved the place and raised grain and stock. Mr. Akers met an accidental death on May 6, 1885. This ranch is still in the possession of the family. Of their eight children, seven are alive. Mrs. Akers is living at Santa Paula and is in the enjoyment of all her faculties and the best of health. Her father. Robert Harbord, was a soldier in the Black Hawk War, and a brother, James Harbord. died from exposure while a soldier in the Northern Army during the Civil War

 John A. Akers attended the common schools of his district until he was thirteen, when the circumstances of his father's death threw the responsibility of the care of his mother and two younger children upon his shoulders, and he was thus able to minister to and relieve his devoted mother of much hard work. When the season's work on the ranch was finished he went to work in the oil fields north of their ranch and at the age of twenty-five was an expert driller. In 1900. he removed to Orange County and entered the employ of a contractor in drilling oil wells for the Brea Oil Company, making his home in the canyon. In 1902 Mr. Akers bought twenty acres of land, where he now makes his home and upon which he set out a walnut grove in 1905. Such were the conditions of the soil at that time that he was ridiculed for his purchase and attempt to raise walnuts without irrigation. While the grove was maturing the family lived in Los Angeles, whither they had moved after the oil industry had taken a slump and where he found employment until 1910. when they settled on their ranch. In spite of all discouragements Mr. Akers continued his experimental work, and in 1919 he harvested sixteen tons of nuts from his acreage, ninety per cent of which were classed as A1. This fine crop he marketed independently. He has also developed a line family orchard of pears and other fruits.

At Los Angeles on December 20, 1900, Mr. Akers was married to Miss Eva May Chase, the daughter of Fred G. Chase, a pioneer merchant of Los Angeles. He was horn at Lowell, Mass., July 18, 1851, came to California in 1872, and settled on a bee ranch near Pomona. He married Margaret L. Cunningham on October 25, 1877. She was born at El Monte on January 24, 1858, and became the mother of five children. Through her father, Mrs. Akers traces her ancestry back to Aquila Chase, who came from Cornwall, England, in 1670. The Chase family married into the Leland family, members of which came from England to America in 1652, Mrs. Akers representing the ninth generation in a direct line from the progenitor of the family in America. She is a native daughter, and a graduate from the Los Angeles Normal class of '99, and was a public school teacher a few months in Ventura. She has served as president of the Parent Teachers' Association of La Habra, and treasurer of the Woman's Club. Three children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Akers: Dorothy May, born in Urea Canyon, March 18, 1902. and died May 25, 1913; John Fred Akers, born February 6. 1906, in Los Angeles, attends the Fullerton high school, and Elizabeth Lois, born November 17, 1909, in Los Angeles, goes to the grammar school of La Habra. Both Mr. and Mrs. Akers have supported the work of. both the Red Cross and the Salvation Army, and Mr. Akers, as a Democrat, has sought to elevate civic life standards.

SAMUEL ROSS — The good old days of the pioneer and his picturesque prairie schooner, of the bravery and the sacrifices of the men and women who founded the great commonwealth of California, are recalled by the life story of Samuel Ross, the early settler long honored throughout Orange County, and especially so at Santa Ana where he made his home. He crossed the plains in 1865 with his bride, Catherine Leonard before her marriage, to whom he was joined in matrimony in Ross Township (now Rossville), Vermilion County, Ill., a place named after his father, Jacob Ross, who also came in the same wagon train. This train was made up largely of farming people in Vermilion County, Ill., and Hoosiers, from across the Illinois line in Indiana, and. was augmented with two wagons falling into line in Nebraska. There were 87 wagons in all, and they were drawn by horses, oxen and mules. In the company were Jacob Ross and his wife — whose maiden name was Elizabeth Thompson — and four sons and a daughter: William Ross, Samuel Ross and his wife, Josiah Ross and his wife, and Jacob Ross, at that time single. Ross Street in Santa Ana was named after this brother, Jacob, who was later tax-collector and assessor for Orange County. In the party, also, was Christie A. Ross, now Mrs. S. T. McNeal, of 1004 Baker Street, Santa Ana.

The Rosses settled first in Monterey County, where they rented land for two years, and then they came to Orange County, in 1868, then a part of Los Angeles County, and bought land where Santa Ana now stands. The elder Jacob Ross bought all the land from Broadway to Ross Street, and later he sold it to William H. Spurgeon. Samuel Ross took up agriculture, and established as comfortable a home as any of the company; but in 1890 his devoted wife died, leaving seven children — three having already passed away. Of these seven, Lambert Ross died, unmarried, at the very promising age of twenty. The six living are: Frank Ross, who works for a lumber yard in Los Angeles, and married Annie Hansen, by whom he has had one child, Harvey. Ida B. is Mrs. King, a widow, who farms on the Irvine ranch. James Arthur is popularly known as Ott Ross; he married Mrs. Jennie Right, nee Smith, a daughter of William Smith, who had married Carrie Reed, pioneers of Georgia. They have four children — Catherine, Lulu, Christie A. and Leonard. Myrtle is the wife of John Froehlich, and resides in Los Angeles, where he is a carpenter for the Fox Film Studios, and also their foreman. Alda Lawrence is a farmer at Holtville. in the Imperial Valley, and has five sons; and Jessie May is the wife of Glenn W. WeIls. They have three children and reside at Yorba Linda.

Mr. Ross still owns a house and seven lots in Santa Ana, and 320 acres in Arizona, where he lived for three years. The Rosses are among the interesting families in America reaching back to the Old World. Samuel Ross's great-great-grandfather was John Ross, who came from Scotland to Ohio; and the Rosses were prominent in the United Brethren Church. Most of them have also been life-long, stand-pat Democrats.

ARTHUR STALEY — A resident of Orange County since early boyhood, and taking an active part in its growth and development since reaching maturity, Arthur Staley is a native son of the state, born near Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, April 28, 1870, a son of Theodore and Drusilla (Teague) Staley, the former a native of Missouri, and the latter of Indiana. Both parents were pioneers of California, Theodore Staley having crossed the plains with ox-teams in 1856, and Drusilla Teague was brought on the long overland journey by her parents in 1865, the wagons being drawn by horses, and some trouble with Indians was encountered by the young pioneers.

Theodore Staley farmed in Sonoma County until 1881, when he located at Orange, remaining there one year, and then located in Placentia, where he followed grape, orange and walnut growing. He was an active member of the Christian Church, and a charter member of the Anaheim Church of that body. He was a man of broad interests and active in politics in the county, affiliating with the Democratic party and serving on the County Central Committee in early days; and as school trustee, he did his share in the educational upbuilding in the county. Three children were born to this pioneer couple — Arthur, Mrs. Myrtle Lillie and Walter, all residing in Placentia. The father passed to his reward in 1903, and the mother still resides on the home ranch in Placentia.

Arthur Staley attended the Orange and Placentia public schools, and graduated from the Fullerton high school, finishing his education at Stanford University, from which he graduated with the class of 1900. Since that time he has been very active in the development of the orange and walnut industry in Orange County, for five years he was secretary of the Fullerton Walnut Growers Association, and the Placentia Orange Growers Association; and for two years he was cashier of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Fullerton. He is at present secretary of the Fullerton-Placentia Walnut Association, and a director in the following concerns — the Yorba Linda Water Company, the Placentia National Bank, and the Fullerton Masonic Temple Association. A man of foresight, and a firm believer in the future prosperity of Orange County, Mr. Staley has been an important factor in bringing his home section of the state to its present state of productiveness and development, and takes a just pride in being one of the farsighted men who have accomplished its upbuilding in all the ways which go to make Orange County an ideal home community, and with business interests which reach to the far corners of the world.

The marriage of Mr. Staley united him with Bessie Pendleton, a native of Placentia and daughter of Alexis T. and Sarah J. (McFadden) Pendleton, both pioneers of the state. In addition to his other business interests Mr. Staley owns a finely developed orange grove of twenty-five acres at Yorba Linda, now in full bearing, which he planted from nursery stock in 1910.

Active in Masonic circles, Mr. Staley is a past master of Fullerton Lodge, No. 339, F. & A. M.; a member of Fullerton Chapter, No. 90, R. A. M.; master of Santa Ana Council, No. 14, R. & S. M.; past commander of Santa Ana Commandery, No. 36, Knights Templar; now commander of Fullerton Commandery, No. 55. Knights Templar, and a member of Al Malaikah Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Los Angeles.

CLARENCE S. SPENCER— A leader in Republican county politics, and the owner of an exceptionally fruitful and attractive grove of oranges, Clarence S. Spencer is not only influential in citrus fruit circles, but he is also one of the path-breakers in the fast-developing oil industry. He comes from a family of representative Californians, and is himself one of the best representatives of the ideal Californian of the future.

He was born in Chariton, Lucas County, Iowa, on September 23, 1881, and is the son of Thomas and Mary A. Spencer — the former from Newcastle, England, and the latter from Iowa. The father was both a physician and a druggist, and in 1849 crossed the plains in a prairie schooner drawn by an ox-team. He settled in Santa Rosa, Cal., opened a drug store and resumed the practice of medicine. There the first Mrs. Spencer died, and Mr. Spencer returned to Iowa, where he married a second time. His bride was then Miss Mary A. Rogers, and she became the mother of our subject.

In 1888, Doctor and Mrs. Spencer came to Orangethorpe and purchased twenty acres of apricots and a few walnuts. Dr. Spencer took out both the apricots and the walnuts, and set out seedling oranges and lemons, and some young walnut trees. He devoted fourteen acres to the walnuts, and six acres to the oranges and lemons. Then. on June 1, 1891, he passed to his eternal reward, kindly remembered by all who knew him as a man who had contributed his best influence, wherever he had dwelt, for the building up and the upbuilding of the community. After his death, the widow, with the assistance of our subject and his two brothers, handled the estate.

On August 3, 1916, Mr. Spencer was married to Miss Annie Irene Thomas, a native of Cold Springs. Texas, and the daughter of James S. and N. V. (Dobson) Thomas. Her grandparents were plantation owners, and when she was very young, her parents moved to Shepherd, Texas, and there she was reared and educated. Later she attended the Normal School at Huntsville, Texas, but having finished her studies, she took up nursing near Shepherd. One child has blessed this fortunate union — a daughter, Gladys Bernice.

To the original Spencer estate now in the name of the widow of Dr. Spencer, twenty acres were added in 1906, making forty acres in all, and five of these forty Clarence S. Spencer purchased for himself. He built a beautiful home there in 1917. and by other improvements has made a neat "show place" such as one is willing to journey a few miles to see. Since the time of the purchase of the twenty additional acres, Mrs. Spencer has bought forty acres half a mile to the north, and one mile west of Fullerton. These forty acres are open land, as yet unimproved.

Mr. Spencer was a delegate to the Republican County Convention in 1912; and he is a stockholder in the Fullerton Citrus Orchards, and also in the Fullerton Leasing Company, handling oil leases. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias Lodge at Anaheim, and is among the most popular of its devoted members.

GEORGE S. SMITH — If there is anyone in Orange County who has demonstrated a proper appreciation of both the responsibility and the delicacy of the task committed to the undertaker, then surely that man is George S. Smith, who came here to California during the great "boom" in Southland realty, and has seen Orange County and her sister districts gradually develop and take to themselves the best that modern social and business life, in all their complexities, can afford. He was born on a farm near Albany, Ill., on July 25, 1871, the son of S. W. Smith, who came here in 1886 and later established the undertaking business which in 1891 became Smith and Son. He retired from active work in 1914, and on March 24, 1916, himself passed way. Mrs. Smith, too, who was Elizabeth Myers in maidenhood, is also dead.

George received his early training at the grammar and high schools of Santa Ana, and finished his course at the Los Angeles Business College. Then he learned the difficult work of undertaking with a first-class firm in Los Angeles, and after that became associated with his father in the partnership referred to. When S. W. Smith withdrew, the firm was named after our subject. In 1915 it became Smith and Tuthill. a name now widely and well known. For eight years, Mr. Smith was coroner and public administrator. As a leading business man, he belongs to both the Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce and Merchants and Manufacturers Association, serving as treasurer for several terms, and was at one time a director of the Merchants and Manufacturers organization and the Chamber of Commerce. As an orchardist, Mr. Smith has developed four ranches.

On May 1. 1894, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Carrie R. Jones, who attends with him the Presbyterian Church. A daughter is Mrs. Georgia Atsatt of Berkeley. Mr. Smith is a Republican in national politics, and for two years was secretary of the Orange County Republican Central Committee. He is a Mason, a Knight Templar, an Odd Fellow and an Elk; and belongs to the Orange County Golf Club.

F. D. PLAVAN — A well-educated, genial gentleman, who easily evidences his descent from the best of Roman ancestry, is F. D. Plavan, the successful ranch owner residing at 506 South Birch Street, Santa Ana. He was born on December 21, 1867. in the Waldensian Valley in the Duchy of Savoy — that picturesque and romantic country, once a part of the Sardinian Kingdom, but ceded to France in 1860. His father was David Plavan, a horticulturist and agriculturist, a native of that country, who had married Elizabeth Balmas, also of Savoy; they passed on to their eternal reward, the father at the age of eighty-four, the mother four years older. The grandparents of our subject were also hardy and long-lived, attaining each an age above ninety.

Having enjoyed the best of educational advantages in the schools of his native district, in which he was taught both French and Italian, while he learned the patois of the Waldenses, Mr. Plavan bade good-bye to home and parents when fifteen years of age, and followed an older brother. David, now deceased, who had migrated to America and settled in Missouri. Sailing from Havre, he landed in New York on July 28, 1883. At Plymouth, Mo., he joined his brother and remained for a month, then the two brothers came west to California. F. D. secured employment in Santa Clara County, working on fruit ranches and in almond orchards and vineyards in the Santa Clara Valley for four years.

In 1887 Mr. Plavan went back to Missouri and engaged in farming, and there he was married in 1889 at Monette to Miss Katie Planchon. born in South America of Waldensian parentage. After two years of farming he rented out his land and went to work in the railway shops at Monette for the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway, and he continued in the employ of this company for eighteen years, being for nine and a half years a locomotive engineer.

In 1905 Mr. Plavan returned to California, and settled near Huntington Beach. He bought and improved a ranch of ten acres, then sold it and moved east to Talbert, where he improved a 200-acre ranch. At one time he farmed from 300 to 500 acres, usually putting 300 acres into sugar beets. Before that time he grew celery very extensively and successfully, and served as a director in the Orange County Celery Growers' Association. In 1920 he had 140 acres in sugar beets, 120 acres in lima beans, barley and alfalfa. He and his wife also" own a fine dairy ranch of 100 acres near Talbert. With his oldest son, Urban H., of Huntington Beach, he owns some 440 acres of land at Lake View, Riverside County. Mr. Plavan helped organize the Greenville Bean Growers' Association, and with others was instrumental in building the large fireproof warehouse at that place.

Mr. and Mrs. Plavan have eight children, who have belonged to the First Presbyterian Church at Santa Ana, and in this organization Mr. Plavan was an elder for three years: Urban H. resides at Huntington Beach; Alma is the wife of Loren Mead, a Santa Ana boy, a graduate of Cornell University and an employee of the Standard Oil Company; Ernest farms at Lake View, and Paul is also ranching there; Clyde assists his father on the ranch; Leland and Edith are graduates of the Santa Ana high school, and Wilma is a student there. Paul and Clyde rendered good service to their government during the late war, and were honorably discharged. Orange County may well be proud of the invaluable contribution made to its permanent growth and real progress by such citizens as Mr. and Mrs. Plavan and their family.

GEORGE W. POLLARD — A man who by hard and honest toil has become one of the best known ranchers of his district and has come to enjoy a large place in the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens, is George W. Pollard of Tustin, who from a very small beginning has accumulated a large acreage now yielding, under his wise management, a bountiful harvest. His homestead comprises ten acres, which are devoted to the production of oranges and English walnuts. In addition, he owns sixty acres in Delhi, in two ranches of forty and twenty acres, where he raises sugar beets. If we look for a self-made man, then surely Mr. Pollard will fill the bill.

He was born in Erie County, N. Y., on December 1, 1859, the son of Hopkins and Sarah (Grannis) Pollard of New England stock, and was reared and educated until his twelfth year, in Darien, Genesee County, N. Y. In 1872 he removed with a sister to Kansas, near Chanute, and in that state he remained until 1884, when he came to California. He first settled in Santa Ana, where he was employed on ranches for one year and then purchased the street sprinkling outfit from William Bush and continued to sprinkle the streets of Santa Ana, until the city was incorporated. He pumped the water from a well at the corner of Spurgeon and Second streets with the old-fashioned horsepower method, using one horse, and the streets were served by a sprinkler drawn by a team. He also had a tank wagon to furnish water to contractors in making foundations. When Santa Ana was incorporated he sold them the sprinkler and followed teaming for some years. He had the contract to haul the steel and granite for the new court house, and when it was completed, he moved on to the Ritchey ranch and ran it for four years and then bought twenty acres, his present place, but has since sold ten acres of it, retaining ten acres on Walnut Street, south of Red Hill Street in Tustin. This he has set to Valencia oranges and walnuts, and he has an electric pumping plant with thirty-inch capacity. As early as 1887 Mr. Pollard purchased land at Delhi and he now owns two ranches there, each having an electric pumping plant and devoted to sugar-beet culture. He was among the first in this vicinity to raise beets for the sugar factory, at times having out several hundred acres, at which he continued until he turned it over to his sons. Mr. Pollard helped to build the street car line to Tustin and also helped to build the railroad to Newport. He hauled the material for many of the early buildings in Santa Ana. as well as freight from Newport Beach to Santa Ana. Since that time he has turned his waste land into its present productive condition, and not only evidenced his own farsightedness, efficiency in general and special adaptability to just such problems, but he has demonstrated beyond question what California, and in particular what Orange County and Tustin can do for the ambitious settler.

At Santa Ana in 1889 Mr. Pollard was joined in marriage to Miss Catherine Woodhouse and they are the parents of seven children: Walter J., who resides in Tustin. is a rancher at Delhi; Albert is farming at Delhi; Clarence is a student at the University of California at Berkeley; William is farming with Walter; Jennie is a student nurse at the Methodist Hospital, Los Angeles; Helen and Ronald are at home. Albert, a member of the American Expeditionary Forces in the World War. saw service in France and he also saw service, prior to going abroad, on the Mexican border; Clarence once was at Camp Lewis; and William served in the army at Camp Kearny, where he was stationed when the armistice was signed.

Mrs. Pollard is a native daughter, born at Bolsa, five miles west of Santa Ana, and the daughter of John and Mary J. (Cook) Woodhouse, born in Scotland and Missouri, respectively. Her father was a sailor for fifteen years and came around Cape Horn to San Francisco at the time of the discovery of gold and in 1849 quit the sea and went to the mines, following gold mining for fifteen years with its ups and downs, during which time he met Miss Cook, who, when a child, had crossed the plains with her parents to Sonoma County; after their marriage they came to Bolsa and were farmers until their demise. Mrs. Pollard, who was educated in the public schools of this county, is a woman of rare attainments, good judgment and much business acumen and has always encouraged her husband in his ambition and thus assisted and helped him in every way. Cultured and refined, they are both highly esteemed and appreciated by all who know them.

Republicans in matters of national political import and nonpartisan supporters of every good movement for the uplifting of the community, Mr. and Mrs. Pollard are Presbyterians, but give their support with equal heartiness to any rational program for religious growth.

JACK JENTGES — Up-to-date and progressive in every feature of its life and development, Garden Grove attracts energetic, progressive men who are on the lookout for a place where wealth is poured into the lap of the worker who will use the intelligence with which he has been endowed. Among the men of this order residing at Garden Grove, Jack Jentges is worthy of special mention. He was born December 12, 1873, at Korich, Canton of Kapellen, in the independent grand duchy of Luxemburg. His father, Peter Jentges, a farmer in Luxemburg, and his mother, Mary Ann (Engels) Jentges, were the parents of eight children, six of whom, four boys and two girls, grew to maturity. Five of the children are living: Jack and his brother Harry, residents of Garden Grove; Michael, a farmer at Heron Lake, Minn.; and a sister and brother in their native country of Luxemburg.

Jack Jentges was educated in the public schools of his native land and speaks and writes French and German fluently. He was eighteen years old when he left home and sailed from Antwerp for America's shores, and landing at New York, he proceeded to Iowa, where he worked by the month as a farm hand for two years, and attended the public school for two months one winter. His knowledge of English was acquired after coming to America. From Iowa he came to California in December, 1894, with a depleted pocketbook, and learning that employment was to be had at Westminster, he went there and secured work with John H. Edwards at fifteen dollars per month on the Edwards ranch. He continued to work for Mr. Edwards as a ranch hand for several years, and afterward engaged with Lawsing and Larter, for whom he worked four or five years.

The marriage of Mr. Jentges united him with Miss Dorothy E. Watkins, a native of Goldendale, Klickitat County, Wash., daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (Kurtz) Watkins. Her father, a native of Milwaukee, Wis., and her mother, a native of Indiana, were both descended from good old Pennsylvania stock. Her father is living at Santa Ana. Mrs. Jentges was two years old when her parents removed from Washington to Shasta County, Cal., and was nine years old when her mother died. After her mother's death her Grandmother Watkins reared her and an older and a younger sister. She was twelve years old when she accompanied her father and the family to Santa Barbara, Cal., and at fifteen she removed with the family to Orange County and lived at Westminster and also at Wintersburg, where she was her father's housekeeper. She moved to Santa Ana with her father and his family, and was married at Santa Ana December 1, 1911. Mr. and Mrs. Jentges are the parents of two children, Gertrude May and Thomas William.

After his marriage Mr. Jentges worked for the Golden West Celery and Produce Company at Westminster and Smeltzer. being engaged in the business when it was at its zenith. Later he rented land, became an independent celery grower and was among the unfortunate growers who suffered the loss of all they had when the celery blight came and celery growing failed. With eighty dollars in his pocket he moved to Santa Ana and went to work, making pipe for irrigation; January, 1911, he embarked in the business for himself at Garden Grove, was very successful in the six years that he was engaged in the occupation, built up a fine business and acquired a reputation as an irrigation contractor. He laid 80,000 feet of pipe in Orange and Los Angeles counties, and received $20,000 for one contract alone. In 1914, with Mr. Rogers, he added the feed business to his cement business, under the firm name of Jentges and Rogers. Later he purchased Mr. Rogers' interest, then sold the feed business to Dungan and Dungan, continuing the cement business one year. He then purchased back the feed business and continued both lines of business from 1917 until December 12, 1919. In 1919 Mr. Jentges purchased a house on Fourth Street at Garden Grove, where he lives with his family. He also owns property upon which in 1920 he erected an up-to-date, reinforced concrete building, 50x120 feet in dimensions, for a first-class garage. The building is strictly modern, with machine shop, rest rooms, display rooms, etc. Politically he makes a study of questions relating to government and votes his honest convictions, regardless of party affiliations. Fraternally he is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Westminster, and the Canton at Santa Ana. Mrs. Jentges is a member of the Rebekahs at Westminster. Thoroughly reliable and enthusiastically enterprising, Mr. Jentges is now engaged in the trucking business. He is a live wire in the development and upbuilding of Orange County, and his sterling qualities of mind and heart make him a man well liked and respected by all who know him.

MRS. FANNIE S. GREENLEAF — Among the highly-esteemed landowners of Orange County who have shown the most commendable foresight and the most admirable public-spiritedness in the handling of their properties, must be mentioned Mrs. Fannie S. Greenleaf of Santa Ana. She is a native daughter of the Golden State and was born near Sacramento in 1855, the daughter of Robert and Lucilla (Sproule) Moore, who crossed the great plains in 1853, and stopped for a short time at the mining town of Gold Hill and later made settlement on the American River near Sacramento. When their daughter was four years of age the family removed to Sonoma, and there, while they managed a small fruit orchard, she attended the Sonoma Academy. She lived in Sonoma for eleven years and then went with her parents to Hollister, where she lived with her sister, Mrs. Lucilla A. Snyder, while her father carried on a sheep ranch eighteen miles from that town. After that the family moved onto a sheep ranch in the Panoche Valley.

At Hollister, on June 19, 1877, Miss Moore was married to Dr. Edward F. Greenleaf, a native of Mississippi, born in Yazoo County, on November 22, 1841, the son of Dr. Eli F. and Mary C. (Mclntyre) Greenleaf, who removed to Clark County. Mo., when Edward F. was a lad. There he received his schooling and then took up the study of medicine and was graduated from Lind University — now the Northwestern University — of Illinois. After his graduation in 1864 the young physician began his practice at Leland, LaSalle County, Ill. In 1867 he came to California and his first location was at Millerton, in Fresno County, after which he located in San Benito County, where he taught school at the New Idria mines and at the same time practiced his profession. The Greenleafs lived there until 1882, when they moved into Los Angeles County and settled at Santa Ana, which was the scene of the doctor's operations until his death on October 22, 1906. Here he improved a fine ranch and prospered, having the esteem of all with whom he came in contact. The original home site of thirty-five acres on what is now Greenleaf Street was purchased in 1881, but the family lived in the town until their ranch could be improved for a home. In 1883 they moved onto the tract and have since resided there, in the house that was erected by the doctor. Dr. EH Greenleaf had settled here as early as 1871 and had acquired some good land and part of this is still owned by the Greenleaf family.

Three children blessed the union of Dr. and Mrs. Greenleaf: Walter Frank, born at the New Idria quicksilver mines, on March 12. 1878, graduated from the Santa Ana high school and on December 25, 1907. married Miss Nellie C. Coke, a native daughter, whose parents were old settlers. They were J. H. and Alice E. Coke, the former still a resident of Downey. Frank is manager of his mother's ranch and one of the rising young men of Santa Ana. The second son was Elvin J. and he was born in Santa Ana on October 7, 1882. was educated in the public schools of his native city and in May, 1909. was united in marriage with Miss Mary Agnes Finn, a native of Ireland. They had one son, Charles Frank, the only grandchild of Mrs. Fannie Greenleaf. Alvin T. died in 1915 and his widow makes her home with Mrs. Greenleaf on Greenleaf Street. The third son and youngest child is Clifford A., and he was born on March 31, 1891, educated in the Santa Ana schools and married Nola R. Kennedy and they reside in Los Angeles, where he is employed as a traveling salesman.

Mrs. Fannie S. Greenleaf is an interesting conversationalist and is a firm believer in the preservation of California history. She is of an artistic temperament and many products of her brush are to be seen in her home. Of a quiet disposition, she enjoys the companionship of her children and grandchild and has always done her part to make Orange County, and Santa Ana in particular, a better place in which to live. She belongs to the Eastern Star Chapter in Santa Ana and is beloved by a wide circle of stanch friends.

MRS. ANNA DERKSEN — A resident of Anaheim and vicinity since 1889, Mrs. Anna Derksen is so well posted on various local conditions, of recent years and the immediate present, that she is among the most sanguine in her hopefulness for the future of all Southern California, and especially in the matter of the development of oil interests in this section. She was horn in Westphalia, Germany, the daughter of Christian Schlueter, a native of that country and a shoemaker, who died there, as did also her mother, whose maiden name was Maria Deiter. They had seven children, and Anna was the fourth in the order of birth.

She grew up in Westphalia, and in 1868 was married there to Henry Derksen, a native of the picturesque Black Forest village of Muehlingen, on the Rhine. He was a coal miner, and in 1881 they migrated to America and Pope County, Ark., where they bought a farm of eighty acres and followed agricultural pursuits. Seven years later, Mr. Derksen died there. It had been their dream to come to California; hence, the following year Mrs. Derksen removed to the Golden State.

She settled in Anaheim, then a very small place, and rented a ranch; she bought cows, and poultry, and made butter and also sold eggs. She raised what feed was needed on the ranch, and little by little so progressed that she was able to rent, and then to buy the forty-eight acres she at present manages, and which she has since improved. When she first took hold of the land, there was not a tree upon the place; and she herself has set out everything. Now she has a walnut orchard of ten acres, and sixteen acres of Valencia oranges; the whole, irrigated by the Anaheim Union Water Company, forming one of the most desirable places of its size for miles around.

Mrs. Derksen, who has a son, Henry, in the service of the Santa Fe Railroad Company at San Bernardino, is a devout member of the Catholic Church at Anaheim, and finds pleasure in participating in any good work, religious, social or political, likely to benefit the community. She is a good student of California affairs, and is especially well-posted on oil conditions; her knowledge and her optimism leading her fellow ranchers to fortify their faith in the glorious future in store for Anaheim and the environing country.

CLAUDE EDGAR AND GUY SMITH — The sons of one of La Habra's esteemed pioneer settlers, and one whose early development work meant much to this vicinity, Claude Edgar and Guy Smith, sons of Stephen M. Smith, are following in the footsteps of their father and continuing the splendid work which he began. A native of Kentucky, Stephen M. Smith was born in the vicinity of Lexington on August 6. 1859, and was a son of Thomas and Lottie (Cordell) Smith, who were also natives of that state, the father a stock raiser in that famous Blue Grass region. When but fifteen years of age he left the home of his boyhood days and started out to earn his "living in Texas. There he spent a number of years, and was active in the cattle business in different parts of the state when that industry was at its height there. Coming to California in 1884. Mr. Smith engaged in general farming before locating at Rivera, Los Angeles County. Here he at once entered into the active development of the town, becoming its first general merchant and it was not long until his business assumed large proportions. He remained at. Rivera for eleven years and during all that time he occupied the position of postmaster there, to the entire satisfaction of the Government and the citizens whom he so faithfully served.

In 1897 Mr. Smith came to La Habra Valley and purchased a tract of 104^ acres at the corner of Central and La Mirada avenues. The prospect was far from being an attractive one as the land was in its raw state and covered with wild mustard, but Mr. Smith at once applied himself .energetically to the task of its cultivation and was unusually successful in carrying out his plans. Practically all of the acreage was set out to walnuts, from nursery stock which he himself raised. In later years Mr. Smith disposed of some of the acreage and the Pacific Electric and Salt Lake Railroads both came through the ranch, each taking off considerable portions of it, so that it now consists of sixty-five acres.

While located at Rivera, Stephen M. Smith was united in marriage with Miss Emma Montgomery, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. H. L. Montgomery of that place. Three children were born to them — Claude Edgar, Guy and Matilda. Claude Edgar Smith was born at Rivera. January 16. 1887, and there his early school days were spent. Later, when the family had taken up their residence on the La Habra ranch, he attended the high school at Fullerton, supplementing this with a course at Whittier College. Accepting a position on the sales force of the Studebaker Automobile Company of Whittier, he remained with them for five years, during which time he became sales manager for the Whittier district. He then was with the Hudson Automobile Company at Whittier for the next four years, after which he spent a year driving racing cars. Leaving this hazardous field. Mr. Smith took up publicity work for the Studebaker people, his territory covering all of Southern California south of Santa Barbara. On April 21, 1906, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Lillian M. Kellain, a native of Illinois, who came to Rivera with her parents in 1889. They are the parents of a son, Stephen E., who attends school at La Habra. Mr. Smith is prominent in the ranks of the Elks, having been made a member of the Whittier lodge. Guy Smith was born at Rivera on March 14, 1890, and so was but seven years old when his parents moved to La Habra. Here he grew up, attending the public school at La Habra. and later the high school at Fullerton. He then became interested in the garage and auto repair business and had two shops, one at La Habra and one at Whittier. On May 30, 1916, at Bellingham, Wash., he was married to Miss Ellen Alice Smith, the daughter of Albert G. and Ellen Alice Smith. She was a native of California, having been born near Los Angeles; her father, who is a railroad engineer, removed to Bellingham, Wash., with his family in 1906. Mr. and Mrs. Guy Smith are the parents of one child, Lorraine.

Owing to the ill-health of their father, the Smith brothers took over the management of the ranch at La Habra in 1917, and have since given their entire time to its operation. The entire acreage is set out to walnuts, five acres being budded trees. For many years one of the finest properties in the La Habra district, it is continuing to thrive under the expert care given it. One of the best pumping plants in the vicinity is on the ranch, producing 100 inches of water. Fortunately the father is rapidly recovering his health and hopes to be able to take an active part in the ranch management soon. A valued pioneer, he stands high in the esteem of the whole community.

MRS. MARY STODART AND ARCHIBALD STODART — With the courage and fortitude so characteristic of woman, when new and untried responsibilities devolve upon her, Mrs. Mary Stodart, ot the Buena Park district in Orange County, has shown her business acumen in directing the management of her ranch affairs for many years. She has had the cooperation of her sons in making the ranch what it is today and is deserving of the highest praise for her work of development.

Mrs. Stodart was born in Washington Territory, on January 5, 1863, while the great Civil War was in progress. Her parents were Mr. and Mrs. John Condra, and were born in Tennessee but removed to Washington Territory and became pioneers of that part of the Northwest. Mr. Condra was a farmer and met with fair success in his operations. He was a well-educated man and was a writer of some note on political questions, as well as civic matters,. After the death of his wife in Washington, who left two children, Mary and a son John, Jr., the father sold out his interests there and removed to California, coming via steamer to San Francisco and thence on a prospecting trip down to the southern part of the state and finally located in Los Angeles County in 1868, settling at Los Nietos, near where the city of Whittier now is located. Here he improved a ranch and followed diversified farming up to the time of his death, when he was sixty-three years old. His son died at the age of twenty-one and is buried by the side of his father at Whittier.

Mary Stodart was educated in the public and private schools and for a time after their removal here attended the school at Los Nietos. Her first husband was the father of her first-born, a son, Frank W. Davison, who is an electrician by trade and resides at San Diego. He married Alice Clark of Los Angeles and they have a son, Delbert Davison. On October 1, 1891, she married Archibald Stodart. a native of Scotland, born there in 1846. He came to California in 1887, and settled near the Condra homestead. By this marriage four children have been born; Mrs. Grace Davis, who lives near the ranch operated by her mother. She has two children. Viola and Donald; John Archibald, born February 2, 1895, is superintending the affairs of the ranch and with his two brothers operates two trucks and does heavy hauling in any part of Orange County and vicinity; Charles Edward, comes next and then George Adam. All three sons live at home and are interested in the conduct of the ranch of twenty acres located southwest of Buena Park. This property is an inheritance from her father and she has owned it for more than thirty years and all the improvements on it have been made by herself and her sons. The children are all natives of Orange County and have contributed towards the development of their home county and are highly respected by all who have the pleasure of knowing them. For three years the family conducted a dairy ranch in the Cypress district and when that place was sold they moved back to the old homestead. Mr. Stodart died in 1913. at the age of sixty-seven years. He had been an invalid for seven years before his death and the management of the ranch devolved upon his wife, who showed her ability in directing the affairs of the ranch and at the same time rearing her family to lives of usefulness.

Mrs. Stodart has in her possession a family tree of the Stodart family which traces the name back to 1565 in Scotland, bringing the names down to the present generation, a valuable heirloom for her descendants. She is an interesting talker and recounts the condition of Los Angeles as she remembers it at the time of their removal here, when her father camped on Aliso Street, at a time when it was covered with wild oats and mustard. She is a pioneer of Orange County and has watched with interest the development of the ranches, towns and cities, also to see the wonderful increase in property valuations all over the Southland. She takes great pride in Ihe success her sons are making in their operations and enjoys the esteem of a wide circle of friends. She is public spirited and gives her aid to all measures for the betterment of her county, particularly the district where she has made her home for so many years.

RUDOLPH M. FRICK — A very progressive rancher, much ahead of his time in agricultural pursuits, is Rudolph M. Frick, who resides on the corner of Tustin and Fairhaven avenues, in Orange, where he has lived for the past eighteen years. He was born in Austria on April 8, 1863, and is the son of John and Katherine (Zimmerman) Frick, who died in their native land. They had eight children, two of whom emigrated to the United States, one being the subject of our interesting review, and the other is Joseph Frick, a farmer now in Canada.

Rudolph was reared and educated in Austria, and when twenty years of age left for the United States in 1883, and located at St. Paul, Minn., where he worked for four years. He removed to Glasston, Pembina County, N. D., in 1887, and there for fourteen years grew steadily prosperous. He engaged in general farming and stock raising and came to hold 480 acres devoted to raising grain. In November, 1898, Mr. Frick, impressed with the greater resources of California, came West, and early pitched his tent in Orange County, and from the beginning of his life here he easily established himself in the good graces of his neighbors and friends, assisted by his excellent wife. Miss Armilde Raedel before her marriage, to whom he was joined in wedlock in Glasston on February 17. 1892. She was born at Denbig, Addington County, Ontario, the daughter of Gotthard and Caroline (Pacholke) Raedel, natives of Germany, who came when young folks to Ontario. Canada, where they met and were married, and where they followed agricultural pursuits until they removed to Manitoba; six years later they removed to and were among the early settlers of Glasston. Pembina County, N. D., and as pioneer homesteaders improved a farm. Mrs. Frick was the youngest of their four children, and received a good education in the schools of North Dakota. Their marriage has resulted in the birth of thirteen children, twelve of whom are living. Louise C. is the wife of Clarence Boone of Long Beach; Armilde P. is Mrs. George Leichtfuss of Helendale; Martha A. is Mrs. Herman Upahl of Tustin; Rudolph A.. Reinhard F., Eda C., Walter R., Cora M., Alfred R.. Dorothea E., Hilda W. M. and Lorenz W. R.

Mr. Prick's home ranch consists of fifteen acres devoted to oranges, lemons and walnuts. It was raw land when he purchased it. and he first set out apricots, which he found did not yield satisfactory returns, so he set out Valencia oranges, and added a comfortable residence and modern improvements, all of which have made the property more valuable. In addition he owns seven acres across the road from his home place, as well as twelve acres, two miles northwest of Orange and ten acres at McPherson, making his holdings total forty-four acres, principally in Valencia oranges, thus yielding a splendid income.

The family are members of the Lutheran Church at Orange, and while in North Dakota Mr. Frick was a trustee of the congregation, as well as the school district. He is a member of the McPherson Heights Citrus Association, as well as the Foot Hill Orange Growers Association. A most patriotic American. Mr. Frick and his family take pride and pleasure in fulfilling every civic duty, and thus hastening the healthy development of the nation, the state and the county of his adoption and choice.

C. C. VIOLETT, M. D. — Prominent among the first citizens of Garden Grove, Dr. C. C. Violett, the physician and surgeon, enjoys the distinction of exerting a powerful and beneficent influence in favor of everything making for the healthy development and permanent growth of the young town. He was born in Gallatin County. Ky., on December 7, 1863, the son of Dr. C. F. and Susan (Dean) Violett, both born and reared in the Blue Grass State. The elder Violett was a well-known physician and extensive landowner, who had 300 acres of improved farm land devoted to hay, grain, corn and stock. They had eleven children — five boys and six girls — and among them C. C. Violett was the youngest son and next to the youngest child.

Although born amid the roar and din of the great conflict proceeding between the North and the South, Dr. Violett has no recollection of the Civil War. He does recall an incident, however, and one none too pleasant, of the Reconstruction period. His parents owned a fine country home, to which fifty or more Federal soldiers came and ordered his mother to prepare a dinner for them. This she could not do as she was destitute of groceries and other food, and they were compelled to retire unsatisfied; but their overbearing demeanor left an impression of horror indelibly stamped on the child's mind. He attended the public school in his home district, and the high school at Williamstown, Ky., and soon chose medicine as his future field of endeavor. This choice was undoubtedly due to the exceptional association of his family with the development of that science in Kentucky, two of his brothers, J. W. and J. D. Violett, also being physicians. He commenced his studies with his father and continued with his brothers, and J. D. Violett became in particular his preceptor, and was also the organizer of the first medical society in northern Kentucky.

After graduating from the medical department of the University of Louisville, with the class of '92. where he was offered an internship by D. P. Yandell, the professor of surgery, he hung out his shingle in his home town, Napoleon, where his father and mother lived, old and feeble. In 1899 he went to Texas, and on April 26, married there Mrs. Elizabeth Wharton, a widow, who had been a schoolmate with him at the Williamstown high school. She was in maidenhood Miss Elizabeth Bailey, a native of Sussex County, Va., where she was born and reared. As schoolmates they were very fond of each other, but the young man did not feel prepared financially to assume the responsibilities of the married state, and the twain who were destined for each other, parted for different paths. Miss Bailey married M. F. Wharton, a brother of the Baptist evangelist, H. Marvin Wharton of Virginia, but her husband died in 1895 in Texas, to which state he had gone for his health. After his death, Mrs. Wharton, who had enjoyed superior educational advantages, having taught four years in her Alma Mater at Taylorville, Ky., and also near Louisville and in Virginia, had returned to her vocation and was teaching in the high school at Uvalde. Mrs. Wharton had one child by her first marriage, Malcolm F. Wharton, Jr.. who has been brought up in the Violett home. While attending the State Agricultural College in Oregon, young Wharton, showing the patriotic spirit of his ancestors, enlisted in the U. S. Navy, and after two years and eight months he came out a first class pharmacist's mate from the naval hospital in Washington. D. C. He belongs to the Sons of the American Revolution, through his great-grandfather, Malcolm Wharton, who lost both hands while carrying messages for General Washington. After his discharge, Malcolm F. Wharton returned to Corvallis. Ore., to complete his collegiate course. One child has blessed the union of Dr. and Mrs. Violett — a daughter. Ruth, who graduated from the Santa Ana high school and is now attending Redlands University, where she is pursuing a course in music and is majoring in the piano.

Returning to Kentucky with his bride. Dr. Violett continued his practice at Napoleon until February, 1901, when he removed to Kansas, and for a year and a half practiced at Lindsborg. The persistent call of California, however, at length drew him here and to Orange County, and with his family he settled at Westminster, where he took up his practice again. In 1906 he removed to Garden Grove, corning here early enough to see the advent of the Pacific Electric Railway in the town. He welcomed it, as he welcomed everything else of benefit to the community, for he is by nature a good booster. The same year he built a bungalow residence, and now he owns a home with an orange grove of five acres, which he set out himself. He has added a ten-acre orchard of walnut trees, six years old, a mile northeast of Garden Grove, which he also looks after in person.

In 1911 Dr. Violett established the modest but very efficient cottage hospital of four beds and an operating room at Garden Grove, which has served the community admirably, proving a very necessary adjunct to this growing section. His family practice is constantly increasing and he has more than he can do. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the State Medical Society, treasurer of the Orange County Medical Association, and, last but not least, a member of the Volunteer Medical Service Corps.

Dr. Violett helped organize the Chamber of Commerce, which was first known as the Business Men's Association, and when, in June, 1919, it became the Chamber of Commerce, he was made its president. In national politics a Democrat, he is a member of the Democratic Central Committee of Orange County. For ten years past Dr. Violett has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the First Baptist Church at Garden Grove and is now the treasurer. He is a well-known Mason and is a member of Santa Ana Lodge No. 241, F. & A. M., Orange Chapter No. 73. R. A. M., Santa Ana Commandery No. 36, K. T., and he belongs to Al Malaikah Temple, A.A.O.N.M.S., of Los Angeles. Mrs. Violett is a member of the Eastern Star at Santa Ana. Dr. Violett is a past master of the lodge at Napoleon, Ky., where he was made a Mason, and was master there for four years, in different terms.

During the war Garden Grove made an excellent record, going over the top in all the drives, the Liberty and Victory loans, and in all the other activities, but in the work of the Red Cross, especially, a great service was accomplished, and for this much credit is due to the ability and initiative of Mrs. Violett and her associates, for through her efficient organization as chairman of the Garden Grove auxiliary the work was speeded up and there was a most generous response from the whole community in garments, money, time and labor. Out of this spirit of patriotism and activity has grown the establishment of the Red Cross Community nurse of Orange County, who is now operating in the public schools of Garden Grove. This was brought to the notice of the public by the establishment and operation of a rest room and first aid station at the Orange County Fair. Mrs. Violett has served her community in many other ways, the most lasting, perhaps, being the establishment of Orange County's Parent-Teachers' Association.

SOREN CHRISTENSEN — A most highly respected pioneer of the Garden Grove section of Orange County is found in the person of Soren Christensen, a resident there since August, 1890, when he settled on his present ranch two miles northeast from the town. An interesting personality, he has a fund of reminiscences of the early days of Southern California, particularly of Los Angeles in 1869, the year of his arrival there in the old Mexican adobe town. Broadway was then known as Fort Street, barley fields abutted the town where Sixth Street now is, there was not a house on the hill, no street cars, and Government land was to be had below what is now Exposition Park. Like thousands of others Mr. Christensen could not foresee the present condition, and of course let "slip" many chances to become wealthy. His
stories are replete with character sketches of many of the men who later became prominent in varied circles there.

A native of Denmark, Soren Christensen was born on September 16, 1843, the son of N. C. and Catherine M. Christensen, who had ten children in their family, six of whom grew to years of maturity, and two of the sons, the oldest and youngest of
Ihe family, live in Southern California. Our subject was reared in his native country until he reached young manhood, attended the schools of his district and was confirmed in the Lutheran Church, which, by the way, he has a picture of and is among his treasures. Leaving home he followed the sea as a common sailor and he landed in San Francisco on May 1, 1865, sailing through the Golden Gate on a ship he boarded, after running away from the one he had shipped on, at Mazatlan. He was barefooted, had worked his passage on the William Richardson, landed without a dollar except the one a kindly sailor gave him to buy some shoes. Thus he had to begin at the very bottom of the ladder and he followed the sea in vessels plying up and down the coast until he tried his luck in mining in Inyo County, where he worked in the smelter at Swansey, when its first run was made. That life did not appeal to him and he left it to seek other fields of endeavor.

In 1869 he arrived in Los Angeles and soon entered the service of the Griffith Lumber Company, with whom he remained for fifteen years. It was in their interests that he first came to Santa Ana to establish a branch yard, the same year that the
Southern Pacific was finished to that town from Anaheim. Crocker Bowers was the local agent. This was when the town boasted of a store, and but a few scattered houses to mark the place that has since taken the lead in this part of the state.

In 1890 Mr. Christensen made a deal for sixty acres near what is now Garden Grove, trading his property in Los Angeles for the ranch, upon which the former owner had erected a brick house, but which has since been razed; there was also a
well 176 feet deep on the place. The ranch was practically raw land, but with characteristic energy the new owner began to improve it and found that two crops could be raised instead of one if irrigation could be secured and he put down another well of the same depth, and now has plenty of water for all purposes. He set the land to oranges, installed a modern pumping plant operated by electric power, and altogether has been very successful. He still retains thirty-eight acres of his original purchase, having sold off the balance to his children as they grew up.

Mr. Christensen was united in marriage in 1876, in Los Angeles, with Miss Johanna C. Johnson, a native of Sweden, but who had come to the United States in 1869, and to Los Angeles in 1875. She has been a good helpmate and together this oioneer couple look back upon a life well spent and to the future without fear, for they have lived by the Golden Rule and won a wide circle of good friends. Their marriage has been blessed by the birth of eight children, six of them living: Clara M.. is the wife of Bruce S. Boycr and lives at Tndio: Carl J.. is at home; Serena, is teaching in the Twentieth Street school in Los Angeles; Herman \V., lives in Long Beach and has two bright children, Leroy and Leslie (the only grandchildren in the Christensen family); E. Martin, is a rancher in Orange County; Agnes, married S. W.
Gibson and died January 13, 1920; and Albert R., is also living at home. All the children are graduates of the high school, and Carl served in the Spanish-American War. and Albert in the World War, and because of efficient service was made a sergeant and detailed as a mustering officer.

Mr. Christensen is a self-made man, proud of the success he has attained through honest effort and believes in progress, doing all he can to help build up the county of his adoption as a member of the Garden Grove Walnut Growers' and Orange Growers' Associations. His good wife shares in the esteem in which he is held by all their friends.

J. T. DUNLAP — A well-cultivated ranch of some of the best Orange County soil is that of J. T. Dunlap, who resides on Brookhurst Street, near Anaheim, and grows citrus fruit, according to the most approved methods of science and personal experience. He has sixteen acres, sufficient to afford anyone ground for modest pride; and if that should prove insufficient, then Mr. Dunlap can fall back on the fact that his is a native state which has produced more presidents and more representatives of the Union in high station than any other. For he was born in Ohio in 1854, the son of William Dunlap, who was twice married and had ten children. Mrs. Elizabeth (Fonts) Dunlap was the mother of our subject and five other children besides.

J. T. Dunlap was reared and educated in Missouri, to which state his father moved while he was yet of tender years. Through the occupations of boyhood, the young man settled down to agricultural pursuits as the most likely always to guarantee him a living, and. an honest one at that; and this keeping close to Mother Earth brought various blessings in its train.

In the Centennial Year of the Republic, when California was beginning to be talked about in the East, Mr. Dunlap came to the Golden State and settled in San Benito County, where he remained up to 1884. when he removed to Oregon; but in 1903 he returned to Colusa County, Cal., and in 1911 he came to Orange County. \

The following year he purchased his present ranch, then raw land, and began to set out the trees which are today the objects of real interest to those engaged in citrus culture, and which amply pay for themselves. He belongs to the Garden Grove Orange Association and delights in participating in both such work and discussion as will tend to advance California horticulture.

In 1882. Mr. Dunlap was married to Miss Melissa DeVaul. a native of Missouri, and three children have blessed their union. One is Mrs. Ethel Schroeder; another, Alice, is a trained nurse; and a third is Mrs. Hazel Suggctt. In politics Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap are independent, but they work hard for the best men and the best measures, and are very loyal to local community interests.

WILLIAM A. COLLMAN — A modest, hard-working rancher, who has done something to advance horticulture in California while attaiirng success for himself, is William (Tollman, who lives three miles to the southwest of Fullerton. on the Brookhurst Road. His own life has been varied with interesting experiences, and he represents those of an earlier generation, who were prosperous and influential in their sphere.

He was born in Freeport. Ill., on November 10. 1872, the son of Albertus Collman, a man of many lines of business and associated in particular with a brother, C. O. Collman, who was the head of the German Insurance Company of Freeport. William attended the Freeport common schools, and later the Nagle Business College, and he spent his early days at home. After his father's death, on July 3, 1880, he went to Nebraska and embarked in business with his brothers.

In 1896 Mr. Collman came to Fullerton. and purchased, at first, four acres on the Garden Grove Road. After a short time, however, he sold the same, and then he bought twenty acres on the Brookhurst Road. Ten acres of this was already set out, and the other ten he himself set out to Valencia oranges. He has an interest in the Brookhurst Water Company, which owns a pumping plant with a capacity of about seventy-five inches of water, thus guaranteeing him an excellent irrigation supply. He markets his oranges through the Anaheim Orange and Lemon Association, and is again well served. He cultivates the grove with a tractor, and in other respects follows the last word of science and uses only the most approved methods and apparatus.

At Los Angeles, on January 18, 1912, Mr. Collman was married to Miss Ella Hetrick, a native of Nebraska and the daughter of a worthy Nebraska farmer; and two children have come to brighten their home: Albertus and Wilma. In 1913 he built his cosy country home. He is a member of the B. P. O. Elks of Anaheim, and believes in the fitness of the political candidate for office, rather than party endorsement.

CYRUS G. SPARKES, ALVIN O. MELCHER — The poultry industry is fast taking a leading place in the commercial life of Orange County and the enterprise conducted by Cyrus G. Sparkes and his partner, Alvin O. Melcher, is the only one of its particular kind in the state. The place of business is located on Fairview Avenue, Anaheim, where their unique plant was erected in 1918, and still in its infancy, bids easily to outdistance others in the state as an up-to-date hatchery for commercial purposes. The building, erected of hollow tile, and circular in form, is a two-story structure, sixty feet in diameter, built in the most modern manner and equipped with a heating plant of three units so piped as to distribute heat to the various compartments where eggs are placed for hatching and maintain a temperature of 101° to 103° on all levels in the building without the aid of a fan; the humidity is maintained at 56 per cent without the aid of artificial moisture. The entire building is well ventilated and can hatch 1,000,000 eggs as easily as 100. These eggs are arranged on trays and exposed to an equal degree of heat in all parts and the necessity of having to turn each egg daily is done away with. Heating, ventilating and moistening is done at the same time by the installation of the Pemberton System, installed after careful study by Mr. Sparkes and his partner. The demand for chicks is becoming so great that this institution bids fair to become one of the most remunerative hatcheries in the state and does away with the old incubator system so long in vogue all over the country.

Mr. Sparkes owns the ranch on which the hatchery is located and the land is given over to walnuts, oranges and lemons, and is in a high state of cultivation and very productive. All the improvements on the place have been the result of careful study by Mr. Sparkes, who has been a resident of the county since 1893. He is proud of being a native son of California, for he was born in San Bernardino on June 2, 1859", the son of George VV. and Luanna (Roberts) Sparkes. who came across the plains with ox teams in 1852 and settled at Diamond Springs. This pioneer couple had eight children, five of whom are still living, viz: E. A. Sparkes, Mrs. Hattie Carter, Mrs. Sadie Keller; Cyrus G., and R. J. Sparkes. and three of these live in Orange County.

Cyrus G. received his education in the public schools of this state and followed agricultural pursuits nearly all his life and has been a pioneer in many activities. He was married in 1890 to Miss Mary E. Davis, a native daughter of this state, whose father, D. S. Davis, came as a pioneer in the days of gold and here he married Miss Clara Brown, a native of Missouri, in 1849. One son has blessed this union. James G. Sparkes. Mr. Sparkes is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America of Anaheim and is a real booster for Orange County.

A resident of Orange County since 1911, Alvin O. Melcher has entered into the spirit of this western commonwealth and has become a typical Orange County booster. He was born in Sheboygan County, Wis., on January 31, 1893, the son of M. F. and Bertha Melcher, and is the seventh child in a family of ten children. Of this family, three of the children and their mother reside in Orange County. For forty years the father was town clerk of Sherman, Wis., and is now deceased.

A. O. Melcher was united in marriage in 1915, with Miss Vivian Fox. a fair native daughter, born to Mr. and Mrs. Frank Fox. pioneers of Anaheim, and two daughters have been born to this couple, Olive and Thelma. Mr. Melcher was formerly occupied as a builder of houses. He is a member of the B. P. O. Elks of Anaheim.

EDWIN TILL — A progressive, prosperous rancher who was formerly a successful Philadelphia merchant, is Edwin Till, now well and favorably known, in addition, as a contractor, making a specialty of finishing new homes. He is never without plenty of work, his patrons living at Fullerton, La Habra. Long Beach, Yorba Linda, and from the latter place to the beaches. He was born in London on October 9, 1856, the son of Edwin and Eliza Till, and grew up in the world's greatest city, under the guidance of his father, who was a contractor, operating on a large scale. He attended the London schools, and was thoroughly prepared for a career at home or beyond the seas. Attractive as England was and always is. Mr. Till elected to leave his native land and to come to America.

He settled in Philadelphia, and there as an enterprising leader in the mercantile world built up a moderately large business. From Philadelphia he went to Chicago, and from Chicago to New York; and in each of these places he conducted a dry goods store for a year. When he returned to Philadelphia it was to resume the selling of dry goods, and in that city and field he continued until 1894, when he sold out and came to California. Locating at Latin, near Los Angeles, he lived there for six years, when he came to Orangethorpe, and in 1900 purchased a ranch of ten acres. The land was bare, but by hard work and close attention to the problem in hand, Mr. Till developed the land in an admirable manner, setting it out to Valencia and Navel oranges. He also built a home on the ranch. At first he went in for chickens, but he soon discontinued the poultry enterprise, and confined himself to citrus fruit. His land is under the Anaheim Union Water Company, and that is equivalent to saying that it is well-watered.

At London, on March 6, 1884, Mr. Till was married to Miss Adelaide Wyatt, a native of London and the daughter of James and Adelaide (Barton) Wyatt, the latter being a descendant of Lady Sarah Barton. Her father was a stone contractor and helped build the famous Spurgeon Tabernacle in London. Two sons have resulted from this fortunate marriage. Fredric James is living in Los Angeles and is in the garage business, and James Fullerton is an electrician with the Union Oil Company of Brea. He married Ruby McNeil and is the father of a girl, Edna, and a son, Wyatt James; while Fredric James became the husband of Miss Mary E. Hart. In 1892 Mrs. Till returned to England to witness the coronation of King Edward — a wonderful sight, as one might have expected of one of the greatest spectacles in modern history; and she was also fortunate in being an eye-witness to the Queen Victoria Jubilee in 1887, celebrating the fifty years of that beloved sovereign's reign. As if, perhaps, to remind the observing world of Britain's great naval strength, there were seven miles of ships lined up in close formation at the grand review at Portsmouth. Mrs. Till was one of the organizers of the Parent-Teachers' Association of the Orangethorpe school district, and with her husband has always been a liberal supporter to all movements that have had the betterment of general conditions and the upbuilding of Orange County.

ALBERT H. SITTON — The development of the automobile industry has led to the creation of various related enterprises, among them being that of the modern garage; and these enterprises have called for the brains, experience and aggressive initiative of thousands known in other fields as successful men of affairs. One such man is Albert H. Sitton, proprietor of Sitton's Garage, a native son born at Downey on June 18, 1878.

His father was Brice M. Sitton, a farmer who married Miss Nannie B. Harris whose folks had crossed the great plains by ox-teams in early days. Mr. Sitton arrived in Nevada in. 1869, and three years later reached California. Years afterwards, Mr. Sitton was killed, and Albert had to assist in the support of his mother and his sister. The family had settled in Los Angeles County near Orange in 1880, where the mother still makes her home.

The younger of two children, Albert attended the public schools of Orange County and then engaged in the bicycle trade in Santa Ana. On January 1, 1900, he went to Fullerton and for a couple of years continued to repair cycles; and next he embarked in business for himslf. It was only a step, and a very natural one, to work into automobile repairs and sales; and now, with northern Orange County as his field, he is the wide-awake agent for the Overland and Willys-Knight. Self-made in more respects than one. with his own hand at the helm, Mr. Sitton has been so successful that he needs to employ ten men.

On August 27, 1902, Mr. Sitton and Miss Rose B. Rogers were married at Fullerton, the bride being the daughter of Joseph Rogers, a rancher. Mrs. Sitton was born in Iowa. One son, Arthur, has blessed the union, and with his parents attends the Baptist Church at Fullerton. When recreation time comes, Mr. Sitton likes to hunt and fish. He is a Republican in party politics, but an American first and last, as seen by his record of service with Company L of the Seventh California Regiment in the Spanish-American War. For twelve years, Mr. Sitton has been a school trustee; and while a member of the school board the present grammar school building was erected. He served one four-year term as a city trustee.

JOHN M. JOHNSON — A rancher whose several tours of inspection and careful quest in search of the best soil and conditions for walnut growing were well rewarded is John M. Johnson, the owner of fifteen acres on La Mirada Avenue, constituting one of the finest groves in the northwestern section of Orange County. He was born in Smaland. Sweden, on June 14. 1863, the son of John P. Johnson, who is still living there, an alert and able-bodied farmer at the golden age of eighty-six years. He had married Miss Louisa Anderson, and as a good mother she sent John to the excellent common schools in his native land.

In 1882, our subject came to America and settled in Duluth, Minn.; and then he followed the occupation of a cook, preparing the repasts first for camps and then for various well-known hotels. For five years continuously, for example, he was with the Willard Hotel of Duluth, and previous to his work there he cooked for one of the largest lumber camps near Duluth. He spent the winter in the camp with the loggers, and then cooked for the "gang" during the spring drives when the timber was cut loose and was floated to the mills.

In 1905, Mr. Johnson came to the Pacific Coast and made a tour of inspection preparatory to purchasing land, and then he spent a season at the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland, after which he returned to the Southland and purchased his fifteen acres west of La Habra. The land was practically bare; but he soon set out thirteen acres to walnuts and two to Valencia oranges, and he soon had a ranch which many came miles to look over. It is under the service of the La Habra Irrigation Water Company, and Mr. Johnson markets his chief product through the California Walnut Growers Association.

An American citizen full of the American spirit of elevation with expansion, Mr. Johnson is an Episcopalian, and as such is ever ready to cooperate in good works. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias of Whittier, and there are few if any members there both enjoying and so deserving of popularity.

HENRY YOUNT — More than interesting and instructive, from several standpoints, is the story of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Yount, pioneer settlers of California, who, after a life of hard labor and self-sacrifice, are enjoying the reward of having found the Golden State a veritable paradise. Mr. Yount was long a faithful and popular public official, privileged to be identified with the first movements toward the formation of the county of Orange, and, as a result he is never at a loss, wherever he goes, for admirers and friends.

He was born near Platte City, Platte County, Mo., on December 11, 1845, the son of Henry Yount, a native of Pennsylvania and a pioneer farmer in Missouri. He married Deborah Daugherty, who was born in Indiana, and soon after he died, in 1845, she married, taking for her second husband Abraham Van Vranken. Henry Yount got what schooling he could in Missouri during the disturbed condition of Civil War days, and for a while worked on the farm of his stepfather. The latter died in Missouri in 1860, and three years later Mr. Yount, with his mother and three sisters, crossed the great plains to California with an ox team in a train of fifty wagons. During the journey his eldest sister, Mrs. Sarah J. Dinsmore, died, and was buried on the Humboldt River, but aside from this sad incident good luck attended the venture of these sturdy emigrants, who had no trouble with the Indians, lost only two head of oxen on trie way — poisoned by alkali — and arrived at their goal with ten head of horses, whereupon they settled in the San Jose Valley, remaining in Santa Clara County for the year 1863-64. Then they went to San Joaquin County and farmed for four years, purchasing 320 acres of land there and raising wheat by dry farming.

In 1868 Mr. Yount went to Stanislaus County, and near what is now Modesto purchased 240 acres on which, for another four years, he raised wheat. His next move was to Visalia, where he purchased a half-section of range for sheep, besides which he rented some land; and for a couple of years he raised sheep there. In 1875 he sold out and came south to Compton, Los Angeles County, where he purchased and farmed forty acres.

When he had disposed of this land, in 1880, Mr. Yount came to Santa Ana, and on Lyon Street in Tustin he bought twenty acres. It was raw land, but he set it out to grapevines; the vines died, and then he set walnuts. The acreage is now under the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company, and is therefore well watered. Mr. Yount lived on the ranch at Tustin and thus was enabled to give his personal attention to the improvements which afterward made the sale of the property, at a neat profit, easy. He then purchased an alfalfa ranch of twenty acres on McFadden Street, and when he had sold that, bought a ten-acre ranch on Santa Clara Avenue, which he had for a year. His next purchase was a ten-acre grove of Valencia oranges on Collins Avenue, northeast of Orange, which he retained until 1919, when he sold it.

At Compton, on March 12, 1880, Mr. Yount was married to Miss Alice A. Twombly, who was born near Lansing, Leavenworth County, Kans., the daughter of Benjamin H. and Augusta A. Twombly, educators known for their idealistic, efficient work both in Kansas and California. Her father, a graduate of Dartmouth College, a fine scholar and linguist, and an able speaker, was an attorney and a member of the Kansas legislature, and was a member of the committee that located the state penitentiary at Lansing, Kans. He was the first tax collector of Howard County, Mo., and he rode horseback with saddlebags over the county fulfilling the duties of his office. Coming to California for his health in 1873, he was followed two years later by his wife, his daughter Alice, now Mrs. Yount, and his son Benjamin. Four children — two boys and two girls — blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Yount: John H. is with the Southern Pacific Railroad in Los Angeles; Augusta is Mrs. George H. Merrill of Los Angeles; Charles is with the American Express Company at the same place, and Harriett, who graduated from the Los Angeles State Normal and the State Manual Arts School, Santa Barbara, is now in Hollywood, teaching at the Manual Arts School. In 1908 Mr. Yount purchased the residence at 844 Van Ness Avenue, Santa Ana, and here has since made his home.

Mr. Yount has several times held offices of considerable public trust, and well he deserves to have done so, for in 1888 he circulated the first petition to form the county of Orange. For two years, from 1887 to 1889, he was deputy assessor of Los Angeles County, and from 1889 to 1897 was deputy assessor of Orange County. He thus served under C. C. Mason, Fred Smythe and Frank Vegley, and if he found them inspiring chiefs, it is certain they found in him one of the rare dependables.

Mrs. Yount has always been prominent in the civic and social life of Santa Ana; for more than twenty-eight years sh* has been a member of the Sedgwick Corps, No. 17, W. R. C., of Santa Ana, and occupied the office of president three different times. In 1907, at the Department Convention, held at Santa Barbara, she had the honor of being elected department president of California and Nevada, presiding at the department convention held at Santa Ana in May, 1908, and the same year she attended the national G. A. R. Encampment, held at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., thus being honored for her splendid work as department president. Mr. and Mrs. Yount have been active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Santa Ana for over thirty-six years, Mrs. Yount being president of the ladies' aid society for thirteen years, and they are among the oldest and most prominent members of that church. They are both staunch Republicans and prominent in the councils of the party. Mr. Yount was for years a member of the county central committee, and is now active in the work of the local Republican club.

WILLIS J. NEWSOM — An interesting representative of a fine old pioneer family of California, and a man of such,   progressive tendencies that, as a natural leader he has been able to point the way onward and upward to others,' is Willis J. Newsom, the well-known teacher of Los Angeles and the president of and prime mover in the Farmers' Loan Association of Orange County. He was born at Glen Elder, Mitchell County, Kans., on April 20, 1882. the son of Alfred J. and Christina (White) Newsom, who came to El Modena in 1887. The father bought some land there, but sold it and went to Pasadena, thence to Lankershim, and from Lankershim to Whittier; moving to Garden Grove in the fall of 1891.

Willis attended the schools at Garden Grove, and for a year went to the Santa Ana high school, still later studying at the Los Angeles Normal School, from which he was graduated in 1903. He began to teach at West Anaheim, and is now teaching at the Santa Fe special school for incorrigibles at Los Angeles. Besides taking charge of this responsible work, going back and forth every day, he directs the farming of forty acres of land near Garden Grove.

He owns twenty-five acres, has planted ten acres to Valencias, and fifteen acres to budded walnuts. He has improved the ranch with a fine house, the best of facilities for a water supply, and a mile of cement pipe for irrigation. All this he has in a high state of cultivation. He is a member of the Farm Bureau.

In 1917, the Federal Farm Loan Association of Orange County was organized, and Mr. Newsom became its president. How well he has pushed its interests and directed its expansion may be shown from the fact that today it has outstanding loans aggregating a quarter of a million dollars, and is growing faster than ever.

Mr. Newsom was married in 1907 to Miss Grace Parish of Berkeley, who died in 1913, leaving one child, Christine Elizabeth. He was married a second time in 1915 to Miss Glee Woolley of Alva, Okla., then a teacher at Covina: and one child has blessed this second union — Willis Robert. Mr. Newsom is a Republican, and belongs to the Southern California Teachers' Association.

CHARLES C. KINSLER — A pioneer of Brea and one of the first men who settled there, Charles C. Kinsler is well known as a prominent citizen who always takes an active lead in the advancement of the interests of his home town.

He is a native of the Empire State, and was born January 4. 1878, at Otto. N. Y., but was reared at Bradford, Pa., where his education was acquired in the public schools of that place, and as a boy he was in the employ of the J. T. Jones Oil Company of Bradford. He is a veteran of the Spanish War, having enlisted as a regular in the Thirteenth United States Infantry when the trouble with Spain arose. One of the heroes of San Juan Hill. Cuba, he served alongside the late Theodore Roosevelt and was wounded in the leg during service. After his discharge from the army he came to Olinda, Orange County. Cal., December, 1899, where he worked for the Olinda Oil and Land Company for one year. He then located at Whittier, and was in the employ of the Home Oil Company at that place. Afterward he became major and drill master at the Whittier State Reform School, retaining the position three years. He then went to the Puente oil district, where he was engaged with the Birch Oil Company. In 1912 he purchased land at Brea, buying the third lot that was sold in the town, and he built one of the first homes on the townsite. He held the office of city clerk of Brea and was the first secretary of the Chamber of Commerce after its inauguration, resigning the position in 1920. At present he is engaged in the real estate and insurance business and is also secretary of the Brea Oil Workers' Union.

Mr. Kinsler's marriage united him with Miss Lena Morse, a native of Vermont, and they are the parents of three daughters: Thelma, Arlene, and Mildred. Fraternally Mr. Kinsler is very prominent in Masonic circles. He is a member of the Blue Lodge and Chapter at Fullerton, the Whittier Commandery, and the Shrine at Los Angeles. He is further affiliated with the Knights of Pythias at Brea, the D. O. O. K. at Los Angeles, the B. P, O. Elks at Anaheim, and is a Modern Woodman. He takes a keen interest in the welfare of Brea, is a dominant factor in its business life, ever on the alert to advance its best interests, and justly enjoys the comforts worthily earned by his labors, and the esteem and respect of his fellow-citizens.

ROBERT GISLER — An Orange County rancher who has contributed much toward the substantial and permanent development of a part of his adopted country, while advancing in prosperity for himself, is Robert Gisler. a native of Switzerland, where he was born in the Canton Uri. on February 28, 1861. His father was Joseph Gisler, a farmer and a dairyman, who had married Elizabeth Troxel.; they were born, married and died in the canton so famous in Swiss history. They had nine children, two of whom died young: Robert was the fifth in the order of birth, and is the only one in California. Besides himself, the only other surviving member of the family is a sister, Mrs. Rosa Scroggin, who dwells on the old Gisler homestead. Robert grew up a Swiss peasant boy, attended the Roman Catholic Church, and learned the German language. His mother died when he was fifteen; and perhaps it was his early dependence that made him desire all the more to see America.

At seventeen, then, he bade good-bye to father, brothers and sisters, and took the railway to Havre, France, from which port he was to sail across the Atlantic. He embarked on May 1, 1878. and eleven days later arrived on a French liner at Castle Garden. Without delay he pushed on to Sacramento, Cal., together with some young folks from Switzerland who had relatives at Ventura; and from Sacramento they took the river boat to San Francisco. Even the strange metropolis of the Coast did not detain them, and as soon as possible they continued their journey by steamship to Ventura, where they arrived on June 4, 1878. Mr. Gisler had only enough money to take him to Ventura, and on arriving there he immediately went to work on a farm.

He labored fourteen months for one employer at that place, and then went back to San Francisco and worked at various kinds of employment, mostly dairying, for a couple of years. He put in another two years at dairying in Napa, when he returned to Ventura County and began to farm for himself. He became acquainted with Casper Borchard, Sr., and from him rented a grain ranch of 2,400 acres, in the management of which he continued for four or five years. He toiled and struggled, but prices were very low, and the laborer at times could scarcely depend upon a reward worth talking about. He then bought 300 acres of grain ranch, well situated in Ventura County, but after farming there for five years he sold it.

In 1903 Mr. Gisler came down to what was known as Gospel Swamp and bought some eighty acres as a starter, bringing with him his wife, whom he had married in Ventura County. Her maiden name was Anna Pflanzer, and she was a native of Switzerland, having come to America with her sister, now Mrs. Samuel Gisler of Huntington Beach, when a young woman. The happy and resolute couple set about to improve the Swamp property; they cleared away the willows and drained and plowed and cultivated. After a while Mr. Gisler purchased sixty acres more, and then another sixty acres, and after that twenty acres; so that he finally had about 220 acres a mile south and a mile east of Talbert. In partnership, also, with his two sons, Walter and Tom, Mr. Gisler bought from F. D. Plavan, in 1919, a handsome block of ninety-nine acres, for which they paid $50,000. He has since built a large farmhouse, and has sunk three ten-inch wells and four seven-inch wells, installed a pumping plant and built a tank house, thus adding greatly to the improvements on the home place — improvements in which he can take the more pride since they are the fruit of his own toil.

At first Mr. Gisler kept cows and went in for dairying, but as soon as he got his land clear he continued the raising of sugar beets, a knowledge of which he had acquired in Ventura County. There was then no sugar factory, except the one at Los Alamitos, and his first four crops were shipped up to Oxnard. He has seen the several beet sugar factories built at Huntington Beach and Santa Ana, and he now sells to both the Holly Sugar Corporation at Huntington Beach and the Southern California Sugar Company at Santa Ana. In 1919 he had forty-five acres of sugar beets, while he now grows mostly lima beans. In 1920, for example, he and his sons planted about 200 acres to lima beans and eighty acres to sugar beets, and the balance to alfalfa.

Mr. and Mrs. Gisler belong to the Roman Catholic Church at Huntington Beach, and Mr. Gisler is a member of the Knights of Columbus at Anaheim. In national politics he is a Republican, but he never draws the party line when it is a question of giving a whole-hearted support to a worthy local movement. They have seven children: Walter, who married Marie Collins of Talbert, is a rancher; Emma is the wife of Bernard Stouffer, another rancher, and lives at Anaheim; Thomas is also a rancher; Delia has graduated from the Huntington Beach High School, and is now living at home; and there are Agnes, Harold and Lucile.

Thomas Paul Gisler, the third in the order of birth, was called into service for the great World War through the first draft, and trained at Camp Lewis. Then he joined Company E of the Three Hundred and Sixty-fourth Infantry. On July 12, 1918, he sailed from New York for Southampton, and then proceeded to Havre — the same port from which his father had embarked for America — and for a month continued training at Longchamps. From there he was assigned to the reserves at St. Mihiel, France, and in the great Argonne drive was wounded in the left arm by a piece of shrapnel. His severe injuries confined him to a hospital in France for eight and a half months, and on account of disability he was discharged at the Letterman Hospital in San Francisco on June 9, 1919.

ALFRED E. HAWLEY, MRS. ELIZABETH M. HAWLEY— Distinguished as the oldest living pioneers at Newport Beach, in point of actual continuous residence, Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Hawley enjoy an enviable position at one of the most attractive and most promising of all beach resorts along the Californian Coast. Their faith in Newport Beach, it is not surprising to learn, has always been firm, and it is getting stronger year by year. They have invested wisely here and now own a number of choice residential lots and about eight houses, which they have built and which they keep rented out. They have been in Orange County for thirty-three years, and if anyone is likely to make a success of the business in realty so ably handled by Mrs. Hawley, they are the old-timers of experience.

Mr. Hawley manages a large sporting-goods store at 305 N. Sycamore Street, Santa Ana, and is the head of the firm of A. E. & E. M. Hawley, and is therefore one of Santa Ana's pioneer business men; a gentleman of strict integrity, deep knowledge of human nature, and a reputation for urbanity and a desire to please, who naturally has both a wide acquaintance throughout the county, and also a very profitable and growing trade.

He was born in Cambridge, Vt., and when his mother died in Vermont he came to Madison County, N. Y., with his father, Julius Hawley. He attended school near Oneida, and it was there he met the lady who afterwards became his wife, Elizabeth (Mallery) Hawley. She, however, was born near Lansing, Mich., but reared in Virginia. She was the daughter of Gibson and Sarah M. (Chadwick) Mallery, both natives of England.

After his marriage Alfred E. Hawley engaged in manufacturing, becoming superintendent of the Wescot Chuck Company at Oneida. They were manufacturers of lathes and drill chucks. However, they had a longing to live on the Pacific Coast, so came to Santa Ana in 1887. He purchased the small stock of sporting goods from J. P. Hutchins, which business he enlarged from time to time until it is the largest of the kind in the county, and he now has thirty-three years of honorable and successful business experience to his credit.

Mr. and Mrs. Hawley first came to Newport Beach in the boom year of 1888, and the summer month of August, and it is natural that they should feel the deepest interest in the building up of what today owes so much to them. They have three children: O. J. and Ralph E. are associated with Mr. Hawley in the store, while Airline married Terrel Jasper, and he is assistant postmaster at Newport Beach, and shares in the popularity of the family. Mr. Hawley's enterprise leads him into being an active member of the Chamber of Commerce, as well as the Merchants and Manufacturers Association. Fraternally, they are members of the Maccabees, while Mr. Hawley is a popular member of the Santa Ana Lodge of Elks, where he is much appreciated for his native good humor and pleasantness.

C. GEORGE PORTER — A representative of one of the most historic American families in Orange County, C. George Porter is well known as both the owner of a very fine orange grove and also as a leading and helpful spirit in the local fraternal world. He was born, a native son, in Orangethorpe, Los Angeles County, now Orange County, on March 7, 1875, the son of Benjamin F. and Mary H. (Meade) Porter, who have been identified with Orangethorpe and its district since the early seventies. The father, who was born and educated in Tennessee, came to San Diego County in 1869, journeying hither from Texas. He was a plantation holder in that commonwealth, and was therefore always a man of influence. On coming to what is now Orange County, he bought forty acres on the north side of Orangethorpe Avenue, and this his wise and progressive management soon made known as the Porter Estate. There our subject lived until he was married, on July 29, 1898, to Miss Jane Orell Jennings, a native of Kansas