Orange County, California
Biographies
1921
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MISS JUSTINE WHITNEY — Prominent among the officials of Orange County whose personality as well as their efficient public service have entitled them to the highest esteem and confidence and rendered them justly popular is the experienced and accommodating county recorder, Miss Justine Whitney, who has filled that office of peculiar responsibility for several years past and bids fair to be in requisition for years to come. She is a daughter of Nathaniel Bradish Whitney, who married Miss Rhuby H. Houghton, both New Yorkers of English descent, and was born in Lewis County, in that state, near the home of Franklin B. Hough, one of the greatest American historical students and scientists, who was the author of the pioneer county history published in the United States. She attended the local country school and later matriculated at the Dekin Business College, in Syracuse, from which she was graduated in 1898, well equipped for the ordinary commercial affairs of life. She was also prepared to instruct others, and for some years taught school in New York, after which, like other Easterners who have made a success, she came West and followed newspaper work in California. She was employed in the office of the Daily Californian at Bakersfield, and next came to the Daily Evening Blade at Santa Ana.

On March 1, 1903, Miss Whitney was made deputy recorder of Orange County, and served with untiring fidelity in that office until April, 1914. She was then elected to be county recorder, and assumed the duties of that office in January, 1915. Four years later, when the public had ample time to judge of both her ability and her faithful performance of duty, and also of her acquired, invaluable experience, she was re-elected and is now serving a second term. Although a Republican in matters of national political moment, Miss Whitney endeavors to define her attitude toward local issues in a strictly nonpartisan manner, and to support the best men and the best measures, and in every way to upbuild, as well as build up. the city and county in which she lives and is primarily interested.

Miss Whitney belongs to the Sycamore Lodge of the Rebekahs, where she passed through the chairs, and in 1896 was appointed district deputy president of District No. 50, comprising the Rebekah lodges of Orange County, and served for a year. She is a communicant of the Episcopal Church, but is broad-mindedly interested in religious and social endeavor generally, and takes pleasure in helping, in a modest way, to make the world a better place in which to live.

RICHARD T. DAVIES — A well-known figure in Orange County and popular with all who know him, R. T. Davies, of Fullerton, has been a factor in the development of the city in which he has been a resident for years. A native of South Wales, he was born at Carmarthen, March 31, 1867, the son of Lewis T. and Mary (Evans) Davies, who had three children, of which number R. T. was the oldest. Both parents have long since answered the final roll call.

Richard T. attended the excellent schools of his native shire and later farmed in that fertile country, so that he knows what hard work means and appreciates the opportunities offered to men who are willing to work to earn a place for themselves in this great commonwealth of California. When he was twenty-five years of age he came to America and for four years he was engaged in farming near Hiawatha, Kans., learning the ways of this country so that he could better advance in any line of endeavor he chose to enter. In the fall of 1896 Mr. Davies came to Orange County and in Orange — then a small village — he found employment in a packing house to learn the details of the business thoroughly, and gradually he worked his way through the various departments during the ensuing seven years. In 1903 he removed to Fullerton and for several years he packed fruit for a Los Angeles concern, each succeeding year becoming more closely connected with the citizenry of this section of the county. In 1912, he decided he would embark in business for himself and accordingly he established a packing house at Placentia and in time employed fifty or more people and used the most modern of machinery and methods. He continued this business until the fall of 1920, when he sold out the business and equipment and leased the building — which he owns — to give his time and attention to his growing interests.

Mr. Davies owns orange groves aggregating forty-six acres, and these he is bringing to a high state of production, as they were originally run-down groves when he purchased them. His thorough knowledge of the orange and lemon industry makes him an authority on the subject, and all this he has brought to bear in the development of his groves.

At Orange, Cal., in 1902, R. T. Davies was united in marriage with Miss Gertrude Charlotte Kennedy, daughter of William R. and Gertrude Kennedy, both living in Anaheim. Mr. and Mrs. Davies have been granted four children, John Wesley, Harold, William and Gertrude, all natives of the Golden State, and being educated in the best of schools here. Mr. Davies is a stand-pat Republican and has always taken a very active interest in local and in state politics and has served in the councils of the party for years, but never can be induced to accept any office. He is an active member of
the Board of Trade and the Fullerton Club, and participates with vigor in all civic movements likely to improve, uplift and advance the community. He is a life member of the Santa Ana Lodge of Elks, and belongs to the Knights of Pythias and the Odd Fellows in Fullerton. R. T. Davies is one of the real "boosters" of Orange County and is a leader in advocating all improvements that build permanently. With several associates he is interested in oil development of the county, which industry he has witnessed from its infancy until it has grown to be of such proportions that it is astonishing the world.

FRANK S. GATES — A representative business man of Orange County, now retired, whose various operations have always stimulated the commercial life of the Southland, is Frank S. Gates, a contractor in brick and stonemason work, who was born in Chicago, Ill., on November 9, 1862. His father was Francis A. Gates, a native of Massachusetts, who had married Miss Sarah Fitch, a belle of the Bay State. They came out to Cheyenne, Wyo., in the late sixties, with their family, and for a couple of years conducted there a restaurant which was one of the best establishments of its kind in the town. In 1870 they arrived in the Anaheim district of Los Angeles County, now Orange County, and for seven years Mr. Gates raised grapes on his ranch half a half a mile to the south of Anaheim. He next bought forty acres of land five miles southwest of Anaheim, where he lived many years and raised corn. He had one of the early artesian wells on his property, with a seven-inch pipe and giving three inches of water, which was used for irrigation purposes. He was a pioneer in experimenting with the date, which he planted from the seed, and was one of the first in America to cultivate that fruit. He sent his product to the World's Fair in Chicago, and such was their quality that they readily took the first prize. Mr. and Mrs. Gates are now both deceased, but three children represent them, worthily. The subject of this sketch lives at Anaheim; a daughter is Mrs. William Huff of Long Beach; and there is another son, James L., at Anaheim.

For a while Frank S. Gates worked on the home ranch with his father, and then he learned the brick and stonemason's trade at Anaheim. His first employment was with the Santa Fe Railroad Company, when he helped to build the road then being constructed from San Bernardino to San Diego. He had two teams and looked after the grading; and while working near Ferris, he had an interesting experience. The men were camping out in tents when a heavy snowstorm came on, the temperature dropped to ten degrees below zero, and snow piled up in drifts eighteen inches over the tops of the tents, frozen so hard he could walk over them. Often, too, the Santa Ana River was full of water, and fording was difficult and dangerous. The country between Anaheim and Santa Ana was a thick tangle of willows, many feet high. When he first came to Anaheim, there were two stores, ten saloons and a few houses.

Mr. Gates followed brick and stonemason contracting for thirty years, and many of the old landmarks he built are still standing. These include the Rossmore Hotel in Santa Ana and the Hotel Rochester and the Dobner Block in Orange. He also built the old Spurgeon Block where the first postoffice was located, and the Lacey Block on Main Street, Santa Ana. He built and owns the modern brick block on North Lemon Street, Anaheim, occupied by the Romaine Garage. His son Irving was associated with him for eight years and now carries on the business and makes and installs artificial cement blocks. He specializes in porch and mantel construction in fine cottages and bungalows, and a very able workman he has proven to be.

When Mr. Gates married, he took for his wife Miss Cornelia R. Ryder, a native of Boston, who died in Anaheim, on September 8, 1918, leaving behind her a very enviable record for usefulness to society. She established the Floral Nursery at 119 South Illinois Street, now being carried on by her son, Howard E. Gates — the only nursery in Anaheim, and known throughout the county for its large variety of flowers. Four children blessed this fortunate union of Mr. and Mrs. Gates. Howard E., is married and has one child, Morgan Gates. Adalaid is the wife of Merle G. Anlauf of Santa Paula, and has three children: Helen, Glenn and Virginia. Irving, the successor of his father's business; and Inez, the wife of Roy Ivins, of Santa Ana, and the mother of one daughter, Blanche. Frank S. Gates served for six years as a trustee of the City of Anaheim; he is an Odd Fellow, belonging to Anaheim Lodge No. 199, and to the Encampment, the Canton and the Rebekahs, Lodge No. 268; and he is a member of Company No. 10236, Modern Woodmen of America. For three years he served in the National Guard of California, Company E and in Company G four years as quartermaster sergeant. He was a member of the volunteer fire department in Santa Ana three years, and lived in that city for six years. Mr. Gates has lived many years in Orange County, has been successful and is now practically retired from active business.

James L. Gates, already referred to as the brother of our subject, was born on his father's ranch, near Anaheim, on March 5, 1875, attended the Alamitos school, and the Central school at Anaheim, after which he took a thorough course at the Los Angeles Business College. In the spring of 1898 he went to Alaska, and for seven years he remained there in the Dawson district, mining and hunting. When he returned to Anaheim, he took a course in assaying, and then he went to Clark County, Nev.. where he spent two years. His next removal was to Acton, Cal., where he mined for two and a half years. About seven years ago Mr. Gates returned to Anaheim, and since then he has been engaged in selling new and second-hand furniture. He married Miss Bessie Stewart, of Nevada, and has one son, Stuart. He belongs to the Odd Fellows and attends the Catholic Church.

HENRY ANDREW SCHREINER — The late manager of the Globe Grain & Milling Company, Henry Andrew Schreiner, brought to his present business operations, the most desirable wealth and power for any ambitious man — a rare combination of experience, character and ideals, which contributed to the increasing success of all that he undertook. He was a native of Wisconsin, although almost a native son, and so added another esteemed name to the long list of those hailing from the Badger State. He was born at Milwaukee on January 18, 1885, the son of Andrew and Annie (Risch) Schreiner, natives of Bavaria and Wisconsin, and came to Los Angeles, Cal., in 1889, where they engaged in the grocery business on West Washington street, near Figueroa. Andrew Schreiner passed away in Los Angeles and his widow still makes her home in the Southern metropolis. Henry A. was the only child of the union and attended both public and private schools, and later St. Vincent's College, from which he was graduated in the commercial course. During these years of study, Mr. Schreiner laid broad and deep those foundations easily discernible by all who analyze his makeup. He first entered the employ of the Whittier Milling Company, which was sold after a year and a half to the Globe enterprise; and when the latter opened their place at Fullerton in about 1909 he became the Globe's manager. For two years he was president of the Fullerton Club, and was a charter member of the Board of Trade. On April 9, 1913, Mr. Schreiner was married in Fullerton to Miss Emma Salveson, of Fullerton, whose parents were Hans and Tonnette (Tollofsen) Salveson natives of Soggendal, Norway, where Mr. Salveson followed mining and farming until 1878, when he came to St. Joseph, Mo., where he was married; after this they farmed at Maysville, Mo. In 1888 they came to Fullerton, California from Brown County, Kans., and thus they are among the oldest settlers here, the town just having started at that time. Later they purchased twenty acres of raw land on North street in East Anaheim, which they improved from cactus and brush to a splendid Valencia orange grove. However, most all of these years they have made their home in Fullerton. This worthy pioneer couple have ten children: Sophia, Mrs. Simpson of Alhambra; Ida. Mrs. Shaw of Oakley; Sigwald of Fullerton; Emma, Mrs. Schreiner; Theodore resides in Brea; Herbert makes his home under the parental roof; Selma, Mrs. Callan of West Orangethorpe; Melvin served overseas in the U. S. Army, and was in the battles of Argonne and St. Mihiel and since his return, with his brother Herbert, he operates the Salveson Orange ranch; E. Franklin, who is with the Union Tool Company at Brea; Louise, Mrs. Swink, resides at Rawley. Mrs. Schreiner was born at Horton, Brown County, Kans., but reared in Fullerton, where she received her education in the public and high schools.

Mr. Schreiner was a stockholder in the Globe Grain and Milling Company, and as manager of the Fullerton mills for the company had an enviable record as a business man. He improved a small orange grove at 638 West Commonwealth Avenue, where he built his residence and made his home until his death, February 3, 1920, a sad loss to his family and friends. Popular and fond of social life, Mr. Schreiner belonged to Anaheim Lodge No. 1345 of the Elks. He was public-spirited and second to none in advocating and working for civic improvement. The same high standards demanded by Mr. Schreiner for business efficiency and attainment he applied without reservation to the conducting of affairs in official life and the performance of duty, in political matters, by the ordinary and average citizen.

DANFORTH C. COWLES, M.D. — A member of the medical profession of Orange County of superior training, whose skill and conscientious attention and care to every patient has enabled him to rise to well-deserved prominence in his chosen field, is Dr. Danforth C. Cowles, who stands high in the profession, not only in California, but in the East, where he was very prominent as a surgeon, having a splendid record in Minneapolis, Minn., so that he was not long in establishing a successful practice after locating here. Of Southern lineage, Dr. Cowles was born at Richmond, Va., February 2, 1875. His father was Dr. Ransom F. Cowles, a native of Virginia, who after obtaining his bachelor's degree at the University of Virginia, went abroad, graduating from the University of Heidelberg as an M.D. He practiced in Richmond, Va., until the Civil War started, when he served as a surgeon in the Confederate army. He was married to Miss Dulcinea Rowe, also a native of the Old Dominion. After the close of the war he continued to practice in Richmond, and there both he and his wife passed away. They were the parents of two children of whom Danforth C. was the younger. The older son, Frank, chose a military career, and was killed during military activities in Brazil. Danforth C. Cowles early experienced the cares that are reserved for more mature years. He received the foundation of his education in the public schools, and at the age of fourteen, an orphan, was thrown upon his own resources for a livelihood. He earned a living by driving a mule in the coal mines, and with indomitable pluck and perseverance worked his way through the Virginia Military College, graduating with the class of 1892 as a civil engineer. He was engaged in this capacity for a few years with some of the big mining companies in the West, then entered the University of Minnesota as a student, graduating from the medical department in 1901, with the degree of M.D. The mantle of the father descended upon the shoulders of the son, and he spent two years at Bellevue Hospital, New York, acquiring an invaluable experience, and then going abroad, where he spent three years doing post-graduate work in Edinburgh, Vienna and Paris. Returning to Minneapolis. Minn., he established a lucrative practice, remaining there for eighteen years. In 1918 lie removed to Fullerton, Cal., and his professional skill rapidly became well known, so that he has acquired a large clientele, his patients having implicit confidence in his ability.

In Minneapolis, June, 1900, Dr. Cowles was united in marriage with Miss Ragnhild Sorensen, a native of La Crosse, Wis., whose father was a well-known editor of La Crosse. and later of Minneapolis, Minn. She passed away in 1914, leaving him one child, Danforth C., Jr., now a bright, sturdy lad of eight years. In June, 1918, Dr. Cowles' second marriage occurred, when he was united with Miss Anna Hicks, a graduate nurse and a very cultured, refined woman, who is a great aid and encouragement to Dr. Cowles in his profession.

Politically Dr. Cowles is a Republican, and in his religious associations is a member of the Christian Church, in which he is an elder. Fraternally he is a Scottish Rite Mason and a Shriner. being a member of Zorah Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., at Minneapolis. His Blue Lodge membership is now in Fullerton Lodge No. 339, F. & A. M. His fraternal relations are further extended by affiliation with the Knights of Pythias, and of Anaheim Lodge No. 1345, B. P. O. Elks. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the State Medical Society and the Orange County Medical Association; and also of the Fullerton Club and the Hacienda Country Club. An enthusiastic booster. Dr. Cowles is active in the circles of the Fullerton Board of Trade, and he is as well known for his public spirit and tireless .activity in the interests of his adopted city, Fullerton, as he is for his skill as a surgeon and medical practitioner. Dr. Cowles has traveled extensively in many parts of the world, and during his residence in Minneapolis he made trips to Europe each year, and there visited the hospitals and attended the Old World clinics.

ELWOOD COATE — A man of exceptionally high character and agreeable personality is Elwood Coate, who was born at Pleasant Hill, Miami County, Ohio, on December 12, 1843. His father was the Rev. Samuel T. Coate. a native of Miami County, and also a merchant, who in 1853 removed with his family to Marengo, Iowa, and after five years settled in the neighborhood of Le Grand, Marshall County, where he was a successful farmer, and where his wife died. In 1882 he removed to Cloud County, Kans., and there resided until his death, when he closed an enviable record of forty years service in the Christian Church ministry. Mrs. Coate was Harriet Anthony before her marriage; she was a native of Ohio, and was educated at Earlham Academy in Indiana. She was a cultured, refined woman, esteemed for her liberal education, and as a minister in the Christian Church, to which she, too, had been ordained, she was a gifted public speaker. She died in Iowa in 1881.

The Coates are of English extraction, and may proudly trace their family tree back to Marmaduke Coate, who came from Cumberland, England, to South Carolina, and joined the Society of Friends. He had a son, William, and he in turn had a son also named Marmaduke — the great-grandfather of the subject of our sketch. He removed from North Carolina to Pennsylvania, and there with a Mr. Coppock, bought 5,000 acres of land from the Indians, some of which now lies in the rich oil belt of western Pennsylvania. In 1806 he came to Miami County, Ohio, and bought land at twenty- five cents per acre near Pleasant Hill; and the old home place he erected is still standing. Grandfather James Coate was born in Ohio. On his mother's side Mr. Coate is descended from John Furnas, also a native of Cumberland, England, whose father was s. lord and large landowner. John Furnas has four sons born in England — William, John, Thomas and Jonathan. John Furnas had married Mary Wilkinson, the ceremony occurring in the meeting house of the Friends. They came to North Carolina, arriving in Charleston on February 18, 1763; and while they were in the harbor, another son, Joseph, was born, who, when he grew up, married a Miss Teague. The name was originally Furness, and was changed to Furnas in South Carolina. The father was an early pioneer in Iowa, when government land went begging at $1.25 per acre, although later the land was rapidly gobbled up.

There were ten children in the Coate family, six of whom are still living: Susan W. Conway, in her eightieth year, the widow of a Civil War veteran, lives at Bloomfield, Iowa; Elwood; Esther C. Rose lives at Tucson, Ariz., the widow of Captain Rose, of the Civil War; D. A., of Parsons, Kans.; Cynthia Ann Stallings, of Oswego, Kans.; Olive Hart, of Macksburg, Iowa. Elwood Coate was reared in Ohio until 1853, when he removed to Iowa with his parents. There he was educated in the public schools and fully caught the spirit animating all Americans as more and more the great struggle between the North and the South came to a focus; and on March 26, 1864, when he was twenty years of age, he enlisted as a volunteer in Company I, Second Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, and was mustered in at Davenport on April 9, 1864. He served in Missouri, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, and was in the battles or skirmishes of Tupelo, Cormory's Cross Roads, near Harrison, Littlehatchee River, Old Town Creek, Shoals Creek, Campbellsville, Lynville, Columbia, Spring Hill, West Harpeth, Franklin and Nashville, and then on Hood's retreat, at the Battle of Spring Hill, Lawrenceburg, Richland's Creek, Tuscambia, and various other places After the war Mr. Coate served in the South during the Reconstruction period, and the regiment was honorably discharged at Selma, Ala., on September 19, 1865. He returned home October 6, 1865.

After the war Mr. Coate established himself in the harness business at Le Grand, Iowa, but owing to ill health he sold out and learned the cabinetmaker's and the carpenter's trades, which he followed for eighteen years, engaging in contracting and building. During that period he was also township clerk and school director. In 1885 he removed to Oakland Township, Cloud County, Kans., and having previously purchased 160 acres of land, he added more until he had 480 acres. He engaged in raising grain and stock and also in horticulture, raising peaches and apples. He was elected township clerk and was re-elected to the office, serving two terms of two years each. After three years as county treasurer, Mr. Coate returned to his farm and remained two years, when his wife's health became impaired and he sold out and came west to California. This was in 1905, and he at once located at Orange, and for some time owned and managed an orange ranch, which he later sold. With his son, he still owns seventeen acres of Valencia oranges and lemons.

Mr. Coate's first marriage occurred in Iowa, on February 1, 1866, when he was joined to Susan Elleman, a native of Ohio, who died two years later, leaving one child, Orin M. who resides at Orange. He was married a second time, 1869, to Sarah Diefenbaugh, of Ohio, by whom he has had three children, two of whom are still living. Herman E. is an orange grower, living near Orange, with his wife and four children; and Samuel Rush was a banker, but is now an orange grower near Anaheim. Mr. and Mrs. Coate also reared a motherless girl, Bessie Wilkins, who is now living on Grand Street, Orange.

Mrs. Coate lived for ten years after coming here, and then she passed away. Two years later, at Santa Ana, on June 12. 1918, Mr. Coate married again, taking for his bride Mrs. Myra E. Morse Holderman, a native of Johnson County, Iowa. Her father was Nathaniel J. Morse, a native of Ohio and a pioneer farmer in Iowa, where he died, closing his useful life when only twenty-five years of age. Her mother was Emily Parks in maidenhood; she was born in Indiana and died in Tustin, Cal. The town of Morse, Iowa, on the B. C. R. & N. Ry., was named for an uncle, Edwin K. Morse. An only brother, Charles N. Morse, is now a resident of Tustin, Cal. Myra E. Morse was married the first time in 1867 to Upton Holderman, a native of Iowa, who also served in the Civil War, a member of Company A of the Twenty-second Iowa Volunteer Infantry. After the war he was a farmer in Iowa, and then moved to the vicinity of Hastings, in Adams County, Nebr., where he farmed for twenty years. Then he came to Tustin, in Orange County, in February, 1893, and bought an orange grove of twenty acres, served four years on the board of supervisors from the Fifth District, and there died in 1913. They had seven children, six of whom grew up and are living: Uppie Ethel is Mrs. Walter E. Parker, of Omaha, Nebr.; Emma is the wife of J. C. Lamb, tax collector of Orange County; Myron is a contractor and builder of Bakersfield; Lyda is Mrs. Eugene Marsh of San Pedro; Nelson Miles grew up in Tustin, and was familiarly called "Neb," was a bugler in the National Guard, and then educated at Occidental College. He served with troops at the San Francisco fire and earthquake, April and May, 1906, and was very efficient as a bugler. He was a natural tactician and deeply interested in military affairs and served as captain on the Mexican order, then as captain in the World War, and was overseas in the Second Division. He was in the famous Lost Battalion, when six hundred of our brave men were surrounded by Germans. They had only two days' rations, yet they held the Germans off for six days until, through the agency of a carrier pigeon, they were discovered and relieved by troops who reached them just in time to save the balance of about one hundred. Captain Holderman was wounded ten times during these six days, but he recovered and served in the Army of Occupation, and returned home in the fall of 1919. He is now commander of the National Veteran's Home, at Yountville, Cal., with the commission of colonel. He is married and has two children. The youngest child of Mr. and Mrs. Holderman is Upton Grant, now a rancher, living near Tustin.

Mr. Coate is a member of Gordon Granger Post No. 138, G. A. R., and is a past commander; he has been adjutant, and is now officer of the day. Mrs. Coate belongs to Gordon Granger Post, No. 54, W. R. C. Both husband and wife are Methodists and also equally loyal Republicans.

MRS. MARY McKEE GILCHRIST — A woman who is very enthusiastic over the exceptional advantages of Southern California, and particularly Orange County, is Mrs. Mary McKee Gilchrist, the widow of the late Duncan Gilchrist, who passed away on January 21, 1908, lamented by many. She was born at Addison, Vt., and made her first trip to California in January, 1906. The following March she returned East, and in November of the same year was back again in California, and has located at Orange — such was, to her as with so many thousands of others, the lure of the Golden State.

Her father, John McKee, of Scotch Irish descent, was married in New York State to Miss Sarah J. Bingham, and the wedding took place on May 13, 1848. She also came of Scotch ancestry, and proved the right kind of a helpmate for a man forging ahead in that early period of the country. As farmers, Mr. and Mrs. McKee moved to Addison. Vt.. but after four years they returned to Moriah, Essex County, N. Y., where Mr. McKee farmed along the shores of Lake Champlain. And there he died, on November 7, 1901. Mrs. McKee spent her declining years with Mrs. Gilchrist and passed away at her home in Orange on January 18, 1914. She was the mother of two children, one of whom, Samuel Bingham McKee, was a civil engineer and prominent in railroad building, and died in Los Angeles on November 29, 1910.

Mary McKee, the younger of the children, was brought up in New York and there attended the Sherman Collegiate Institute, after which she engaged in teaching in her home county. In time she became the principal of a school, and so continued in educational work until her marriage in 1895. Her husband, Duncan Gilchrist, was born in the Isle of Islay, Scotland, and when fifteen years of age crossed the ocean to Ontario with his parents. He was a mechanical engineer — and none better worked near him; and when still young came to Michigan, where he was a master mechanic in the iron ore mines at Marquette, and then at Ishpeming, for seventeen years, and later at Duluth, going from there to Mineville, N. Y., where he was over twelve years with the Witherbee and Sherman Company, when he resigned to come to California. As an exceptionally qualified mechanic, he was always both well known and well liked, and was frequently consulted on account of his expert knowledge. He had desired always to return to Scotland for a visit, and once with Mrs. Gilchrist went on to New York, but he was called back to Mineville on business before he could sail, and putting it off, he died Jan. 21, 1908, so he never was able to make the cherished visit. Mr. Gilchrist was a member of the Masonic order. Since his death, his estimable widow has resided at Orange, treasuring the memory of the last years with him, and has built for herself a fine home at 237 North Orange. She is a devoted Presbyterian, and belongs to the same denomination in which Mr. Gilchrist was for many years an elder. Mrs. Gilchrist is a Republican, and belongs to the Gordon Granger Post, W. R. C., where, as well as in the church, the cultured and refined influence of her pleasing personality is especially felt.

JOHN G. LAUNER — Among the public-spirited citizens of Orange County, John G. Launer, pioneer resident of La Habra, is deserving of special mention in the annals of the county. A native of Switzerland, he was born at Berne on January 16, 1863, the son of John and Anna (Stambauch) Launer, both of whom came from sturdy French and Swiss families. In order to find more congenial surroundings than were to be found in their own country, Mr. and Mrs. Launer left Switzerland in 1866, when their son John was three years old, and sailed for America, their destination being Highland, a suburb of East St. Louis, Ill. Two years after landing there Mr. Launer started to raise grain and stock on an eighty-acre farm he had purchased, and this was later increased to 160 acres. They lived to a ripe old age and died mourned by a wide circle of friends.

John G. attended the grammar school and at the age of fourteen had to leave his books to help with the farm work. When he was eighteen he worked at the threshing business during the season and in winter took up the sawing of wood and when that was dull he butchered for two winters, thus showing he was willing to do any honest labor in order to make a living. On October 16, 1888, he was united in marriage with Miss Rosa Niggli, the daughter of Chris Niggli, a well-established farmer of East St. Louis. Three children were born of this union: Albert, a graduate of the University of Southern California and now city attorney of Fullerton; he is married and the father of two children — Catherine and Leland; Nelson M., is a rancher at La Habra and secretary of the La Habra Water Company; he attended both the University of Southern California and the University of California; his children are Eunice and Ruth Launer; Erwin, is cashier in the Commercial National Bank in Los Angeles, he has one son, Malcolm Launer. In 1893 the wife and mother passed to her reward and on March 2, 1894, Mr. Launer married Miss Anna Niggli, a sister of his first wife, and two children have come to bless their home: Richard E., secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Manhattan Beach and an employee of the Standard Oil Company of El Segundo. He has a son, Raymond. The youngest child, Glenn Launer, is at home with his parents.

It was in the early part of 1898 that John G. Launer first came to California as a tourist and so well pleased was he with conditions and future prospects here that he purchased thirty acres of land in the La Habra Valley, paying seventy-five dollars per acre. Twenty acres of the land was devoted to barley and the balance had deciduous trees on it. This land was situated in what is now the limits of La Habra town and after he had returned East and disposed of his holdings in Illinois he brought his family here in the fall of 1898, dry farmed for several years with more or less success, and marketed his products in Fullerton, Anaheim and Whittier. Mr. Launer is never idle and is a hard worker, though always ready to do his part as a citizen who has the interests of his community at heart. As the town grew he sold off all but ten acres of his original purchase in acreage and town lots, the tract lying east of Hiatt Street and extending to Cypress Street, north of Central Avenue. The ten acres left is set to oranges. He also has four acres in walnuts, the balance of ten acres south of the Pacific Electric Railroad. He also owned twenty acres west of Hiatt Street, where the main business section of the town now is situated. This property he sold to the Pacific Electric Railway Company, after he had dry farmed it for four years. He paid $150 per acre for this tract at time of purchase. He erected a fine home on his original ranch and in 1919 he built a $9,000 garage building at the corner of Main Street and Central Avenue that is a credit to the town.

Mr. Launer was instrumental in building up the La Habra Domestic Water Company, which obtains its water from the La Habra Water Company. This company was a mutual affair at first but is now a public utility and under the control of the State Railroad Commission, but Mr. Launer is the president of the company. He helped to lay out the system, install the pipe lines and put it on a sound basis. The source of supply of the La Habra Water Company is the San Gabriel River and the water is carried in lateral ditches to the consumers. It has often been said that the good the consumers have derived from this company far exceeds the cost of the service.

For six years Mr. Launer served as a member of the board of trustees of the La Habra grammar school; for two terms he was a member of the Union high school board of Fullerton, and while he was serving there the property was purchased and the school buildings were being constructed. For five years he was deputy assessor for his district, and four years was deputy under Sheriff C. E. Ruddock. He was one of the organizers of the La Habra Citrus Association and the La Habra Walnut Association. During the World War he and his wife were active in the work of the Red Cross and other allied drives and supported liberally the various loan drives. Politically Mr. Launer is a Republican and at one time served as a member of the County Central Committee. He was a member of the right-of-way committee that brought the Pacific Electric through La Habra and the first depot out of Los Angeles on the line was built at La Habra. A self-made and self-educated man, Mr. Launer has the best interests of the county at heart and is highly respected by all who know him for his public spirit and integrity. It is to such citizens that Orange County owes its great progress in recent years.

JOHN D. CHAFFEE, M.D. — A pioneer of Garden Grove, whose homestead, The Pines, was one of the most valuable properties of that district, Dr. John D. Chaffee was a member of an old English family that settled in Vermont. His father, Eber C., was born near Bellows Falls, that state, and the son of Rufus Chaffee, a farmer. When a youth he learned the trades of tanner and currier, but after removing, in 1839, to Kane County, Ill., he turned his attention to agriculture, and improved a farm of 400 acres in Campton township. He married Anna Davis, who was born in Rutland County, Vt., of Welsh and English descent. Both died on their homestead in Illinois. Of their twelve children all but two attained mature years. They were as follows: Sereno S., who died in Los Angeles, Cal.; Fernando H., Mrs. Marcia Ryder; Edmond, who died in Texas during the Civil War; Alonzo, Dorr B., who served in an Illinois regiment during the rebellion; John D., Simon E., also a veteran of the Civil War and Albert J.

Near Elgin, Kane County, Ill., Dr. Chaffee was born November S, 1843. On completing the studies of the district schools he attended Mount Morris (Ill.) Seminary. From boyhood it was his ambition to enter the medical profession and, in spite of obstacles, which would have daunted one less determined, he persevered, making every occupation in which he engaged a means to the end desired. While still living in Illinois he conducted a large dairy and furnished milk for a condensing factory, building up a business that was profitable and important. On account of ill health brought on by the strenuous life he led while building up and conducting his dairy business, Mr. Chaffee came west to California in 1875, stopping for three months in Los Angeles, then going to Westminster. He found that the climate of this part of Los Angeles County agreed with him and decided to remain here and in February, 1876, he located in the vicinity of Garden Grove where he purchased thirty acres of land. He soon sold off twenty acres and thereafter gave his attention to the development of the ten he retained by setting out various kinds of fruit trees. He acquired another tract of ten acres and set out eucalyptus trees and from the small grove he had in five years' time he cut and sold eighty cords of wood. When Dr. Chaffee bought his land he paid for it in currency and in exchanging for the "coin" of California he lost eleven cents on each dollar as greenbacks were not legal tender in this state.

Years ago, with only one text-book to assist him, Dr. Chaffee began the study of medicine, and his rudimentary knowledge of the science was acquired without the aid of an instructor. Other books were afterward added to his medical library and the contents of each absorbed by his receptive mind. In 1884, the year following its organization, he entered Hahnemann Hospital Medical College in San Francisco, from which he was graduated in 1887. However, he had practiced prior to his graduation, and he was, in point of years of professional activity, one of the oldest physicians in Orange County, and was beloved by many who appreciated him for his true worth and nobility of character.

The marriage of Dr. Chaffee took place in Elgin, Ill., September 29, 1868, and united him with Miss Ellen M. Bradley, who was born at Dundee, Kane County, Ill. She is eligible to membership in the Daughters of the Revolution, some of her paternal ancestors having participated in the first war with England. Her grandfather, Anson Bradley, spent his entire life in Vermont, and her father. William S. Bradley, was also a native of that state, born in Fairfield, but in 1838 settled at Dundee, Ill., becoming a pioneer farmer near that town. In 1881 he removed to California, where he remained retired from active cares until his death, at seventy-six years. He traced his ancestry to English and Scotch progenitors. In religion he was connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Lucia Keiser, was born in New Hampshire and died at Garden Grove, Cal. Their family consisted of four daughters, namely: Jane C., Mrs. Wanzer, a resident of Chicago but who died in Wisconsin; Mary E., Mrs. Hill; Ellen M., Mrs. Chaffee, and Lois E., Mrs. Hitchcock. After completing her education in Elgin Academy, Mrs. Chaffee became a teacher in Kane County, continuing in that profession until her marriage. Dr. and Mrs. Chaffee were charter members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Garden Grove and he was always one of its leaders and an important factor in its progress, both as a member and through his service as chairman of the board of trustees and in other official positions. In his political adherence he was a staunch Republican and active in the local work of the party, but at no time in his life an aspirant for official honors. In 1901 the family moved to Long Beach and where Dr. Chaffee built up an extensive practice, and there he passed away on May 2, 1907, in the fine home he had erected on Cedar Street.

JAMES ALEXANDER FORBES — A full and eventful life has been the portion of James Alexander Forbes, scholar, historian and musician, who at the age of eighty- two is now living at San Juan Capistrano, hale and hearty, and, gifted as he is with a remarkable memory, he can relate many of the interesting happenings of the early days of California. A native son, born March 17, 1838, at Santa Clara, Mr. Forbes has spent practically all his life in the state of his birth, except for some years in Mexico in the consular service, and later spending some time there in superintending his mining interests.

His father, James Alexander Forbes, Sr., one of California's earliest pioneers, was born at Inverness, Scotland, and highly educated there, being a professor of languages and music in a college at Inverness. Entering the service of Spain in the warfare against the Moors, he later came to California on a Spanish man-of-war, landing at Yerba Buena, now San Francisco, in 1829. Returning to Scotland, he came a second time to America, making a prospecting tour to Vancouver, and coming to California in 1833 with a party of the Hudson Bay Company, camping on the San Joaquin River where the city of Stockton now stands. During this time he wrote a history of California for the English Government, which was later published in London, and which is the first history of this part of the country written in the English language. Appointed consul by England, Mr. Forbes removed to the Mission in Santa Clara County, and was stationed there when California became a part of the United States. He soon took a prominent part in the development of the country under the new rule, and built a beautiful residence in Santa Clara, with many modern conveniences, such as dumb waiters, speaking tubes, etc., and bringing from England the first cook- stove to be brought into California. He also brought the machinery for a flour mill from Rochester, establishing the mill at Los Gatos. He was the owner of the rich New Almaden mines, and took out of them enormous sums of money, but later he lost much of this fortune through litigation. Mr. Forbes married a native daughter of California, Anita Maria Galindo, the daughter of Juan Crissotomo Galindo, and spent his last years in Oakland, leaving a name that will always be associated with California's early development.

The second son of a family of twelve children, all of whom were talented, inheriting the literary ability of their father, James Alexander Forbes was given a thorough education at Santa Clara College, and after his graduation he began teaching school at Santa Barbara in 1865, having charge of the public schools there until he went to San Francisco, where he was an instructor in St. Joseph's College. Later he was appointed translator of the California state statutes, and from 1867 to 1870 he pursued this work at Sacramento, and after completing this important work he was carried to San Francisco, where he became court interpreter in all the Courts of Record, including the United States Federal Court. Appointed keeper of the Spanish and Mexican archives by the Secretary of the Interior in 1877, he served as official translator for the Government under the following surveyor-generals: Theodore Wagner, William H. Brown, Richard P. Hammond, O. C. Pratt and William Green, holding that position until 1892. Under President Harrison he received appointment as consul to Guaymas. Mexico, in 1892, serving throughout his administration. Coming back to California, he remained here for a time, but returned to Mexico in 1906. becoming extensively interested in silver, copper and quicksilver mines in Jalisco, which would have undoubtedly brought him great wealth, but everything was lost in the revolution (luring the latter part of the Diaz regime. Returning to the United States in 1918. he came to San Juan Capistrano in 1919 to make his home. His wife, who before her marriage was Carmen Vasquez, passed away in 1916. She was born in Sonora, Mexico, but was reared and educated in San Francisco. The only surviving member of Mr. Forbes' family is his brother, James Alonzo Forbes, of Monterey, Cal., a former judge of Monterey County.

Mr. Forbes has been deeply engaged in his literary labors of late years and has finished for his publishers the manuscript of a comprehensive historical work entitled, "Forbes Chronology of the World from the Date of Its Creation 4004 B. C. to the Present Time." "The Golden West," just off the press, is one of the most reliable, clear, brief but interesting histories of California ever published for popular use in pamphlet form, and is beautifully illustrated. He has also published "Gramatica del Metodo," for teaching the English language phonetically to Spanish-speaking people, and a like work for English-speaking people who wish to learn the Spanish language. Among the various other works that he has published may be mentioned "The Rights of Indians and Neophytes of the Missions," which was used by the Land Court in Santa Fe, N. M., and so valuable was the material contained in it that Mr. Forbes was presented a substantial check by the Secretary of the Interior in recognition of his research work along these lines. In politics he has always been a stanch advocate of Republican principles, and he has always brought to bear in his daily life those high principles of honor, honesty and uprightness which were part of his inheritance from his noble Scotch ancestry.

CHARLES H. FORBES — A native son of the Golden West dating back to days prior to the Mexican War was the late Charles H. Forbes, born in Santa Clara, 1835, a brother of J. Alexander Forbes, whose interesting history, as well as that of the Forbes family in California, is on another page in this history. He received a splendid education and became agent and bookkeeper for Don Abel Stearns, and after his death, for Mrs. Arcadia Stearns Baker, continuing for her until his death in 1900. His headquarters were in the Arcadia Block, Los Angeles. His care of Don Abel Stearns' estate and Mrs. Baker's interests made her property worth millions.

In early days he was agent for the following ranches: Los Coyotes, La Habra, San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana, Los Bolsas, Los Alamitos, Los Paredes, Bolsa Chica and La Sierra Jurupa. Charles Forbes became a prominent and well-known figure in Southern California and a man most highly respected and esteemed. His wife, Louisa Olvera, was born in Los Angeles and was descended from an old Spanish family, a daughter of Don Agustin Olvera, who was secretary of the Departmental Assembly of California during the Mexican regime, and she preceded her husband to the Great Beyond, leaving him twelve children. The passing of Charles H. Forbes took away one of the old interesting and reliable men of affairs, in the early history of Los Angeles and Southern California.

ROBERT C. NORTHCROSS — A native of Tennessee. Robert C. Northcross, popularly known as Bob, was born at Trenton, on March 10, 1877, the son of Marshall Northcross who had married Miss Rebecca Caldwell. They were also natives of Tennessee, and were reared and educated in that state. The grandfather on the paternal side was Nelms Northcross of Virginia, who had married Margery Marshall of Kentucky. He was a planter in the "Volunteer State," and in 1868 came to California by way of the Panama route, and made a tour of the state, going as far north as Lake County and visiting Orange County, after which he returned to Tennessee. He came back to California with his family in the seventies, and settled in the town of Orange and there, in 1881, he died.

The death of Nelms Northcross brought to California, for the settlement of the estate, his son, Marshall, the father of our subject, who was accompanied by his wife, his daughter, Margery, and young Robert. They settled on a ranch near Orange. It consisted of eighteen acres, at the corner of Main and Chapman streets, and was a part of the grandfather's estate. At first, Mr. Northcross cultivated grapes and seedling oranges, which he in time took out and put in Mediterranean sweets. These he also took out, and then planted Navel oranges only to substitute for these Valencias. On this acreage the family lived for thirty-five years. All the children of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Northcross were sent to the old public school at Orange, and in time Robert was graduated from the high school at Santa Ana, with the class of 1897. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, he enlisted for service as a member of Company L of the Seventh Regiment, California Volunteers, and served throughout the war. In 1899. also, he enlisted as one of the Thirty-fifth U. S. Volunteer Infantry, Company D, and served during the Phillipine Insurrection. He was made a sergeant, and was in the Island campaign for eighteen months.

In 1901, Mr. Northcross engaged with a wholesale electric supply concern in Denver, where he remained until December, 1903, when he returned to California and went back on the ranch. In 1905 he entered Occidental College, and in 1906, went with Company L, Seventh Infantry, National Guards of California to San Francisco and took part in the relief work so imperatively demanded at the time of the earthquake and the fire. The same year, he went to Mexico and for a year worked with the engineers of construction on the Yaqui River Railroad. In 1909, Mr. Northcross went on a walnut ranch of ten acres, on Chapman Avenue, west of Orange, and there he remained until 1914. From 1914 until 1915 he lived in Los Angeles, and in January, 1915, he went to work for the Orange County Forestry Commission, to propagate trees for, and plant them on the county highways. At first he was in charge of the county nursery, and now he has full charge of the highway forestry work.

On December 30, 1909, Mr. Northcross was married to Miss Eleanor S. Hammack, a daughter of Judge Daniel M. Hammack, of Los Angeles, whose wife, before her marriage, was Miss Belle Stewart, daughter of Judge James Stewart of Monmouth, Ill. She had attended the public schools of San Diego, had then matriculated at Occidental College Academy, and was graduated from the University of California with the class of 1900. One son, Robert Hammack Northcross, has been born to them. Mr. Northcross has generally stood by the political doctrines of the Democratic party in national political affairs, but he has been willing to waive and forget the claims of partisanship in all local matters, and has always found great pleasure, as has his wife, in supporting whatever seemed likely to make for the best conditions, and to assure the upbuilding of the community.

DR. MARION ALBERT MENGES — A man of forceful character and fine professional attainments who through his many years of identification with the best interests of Orange County made a substantial contribution to its development in more than one line, is Dr. Marion Albert Menges, whose passing away in 1912 removed from the community one of its most public-spirited citizens. Dr. Menges was born in Elkhart County, Ind., in 1859, the son of George W. Menges, a well-known farmer in Elkhart County. Marion A. Menges attended the local schools and then entered the Northern Indiana State Normal at Valparaiso, where he was graduated. He then began teaching, first in his native county of Elkhart and then in Green County. Ind., and while so engaged he determined to take up the study of dentistry and accordingly entered the dental college at Cincinnati, Ohio, graduating from there in March, 1888, with the degree of D.D.S.

Four years previous to his graduation, in 1884, Dr. Menges had been married to Miss Stella Butcher, who was born at Bloomfield, Green County, Ind.; she was the daughter of David and Wilhelmina (Hopkins) Butcher, natives, respectively, of Missouri and Ireland, the father being a prominent farmer and business man of Green County, where he resided until his death. Mrs. Butcher, who now makes her home at Santa Ana, is the mother of three children, two of whom are living: Mrs. Menges and Mrs. Cora B. Gavins, both of Santa Ana. Immediately after his graduation, with his wife and their two children, Dr. Menges came to California, locating at Santa Ana, where for some time he engaged in the practice of dentistry. He was quick to see the great possibilities of Orange County, both for horticulture and the development of oil, and after a time he gave up his dental practice and, in connection with the late Ralph Smith, began the development of oil on a twenty-acre tract in Brea Canyon. In starting in this field he showed commendable judgment and enterprise, as it was on this lease, after he sold his interest to Otis Birch, that a gusher well came in. This was the first great gusher in this section and although Dr. Menges was compelled to let go of his holding before its final development, it made a millionaire of Mr. Birch, who is now a resident of Pasadena. As it was. Dr. Menges used the capital obtained by the sale of his oil properties for the acquiring of horticultural lands, and for a number of years he was very active in the realty field in Orange County. At the time of his demise he was the owner of considerable valuable property in this section, and was one of Orange County's well-to-do and influential citizens. He was a Knights Templar Mason and past master of Santa Ana Lodge No. 241. F. & A. M.

Five children were born to Dr. and Mrs. Menges: Mina is the wife of Ed King, a rancher at Tustin. and they are the parents of three children: Dr. Mark Menges, who is a practicing dentist at Fullerton, married Miss Gladys Harrison and they are the parents of one daughter; George married Miss Bernice Roper of Santa Ana and manages the home ranch: John is also engaged in the practice of dentistry and is in partnership with his brother Mark at Fullerton; Helen is a student at the Santa Ana high school. The two older children were born at their eastern home, the three youngest being natives of California.

Since the death of Dr. Menges, Mrs. Stella Menges has continued to maintain their beautiful ranch home at 1602 East First Street, Santa Ana. The commodious residence, set in the midst of attractive and well-kept grounds and surrounded by a thirteen-acre walnut and orange grove, shows the painstaking care that has been bestowed upon it. It has been brought up to a high state of cultivation through the efficient and careful husbandry of Mrs. Menges' son, George, who, with his accomplished wife, resides on the ranch. The Menges ranch is one of the show places of the locality, with its many ornamental trees and particularly its row of stately palms — one of the finest in Orange County.

The Menges family has throughout its residence in Orange County been prominent in its social and civic life, and Mrs. Stella Menges has aided in many of the movements for the upbuilding and betterment of the community. She is a member of the Christian Church and takes much pleasure in her affiliation with the Eastern Star and the Ebell Club of Santa Ana.

CAPTAIN HARRY GANTZ — A South Dakotan who has added his mite to the development of Orange County and California, and like all Dakotans has written for himself an enviable record of practical accomplishment not likely soon to be effaced, is Capt. Harry Gantz, the rancher from the historic Deadwood, where he was born on September 4, 1888. His father was Fred M. Gantz, a professional man of that state, who married Miss Molly Christie, a native of Virginia, still enjoying, with her husband, the blessings of life and health. Harry was an only child, and it is safe to say was not neglected in his education.

He not only attended the grammar school, but also went to high school and a first-class military school, where he remained for five years. This school was the Kemper Military School, of Booneville, Mo., from which he was graduated with the class of '07. Then he went to the Philippines, as second lieutenant in the Philippine Constabulary. After three years he came home in 1911, and joined the regular U. S. Army as second lieutenant of infantry. In 1914 he was made first lieutenant in aviation, and in 1916 was promoted to be captain in the same arduous and dangerous field. In the fall of that year, he resigned and went to live on his California ranch. Now he has 140 acres, in Orange County, and employs eight men to maintain them in their high-water condition of development.

At Santa Barbara, on September 1, 1915, Captain Gantz was married to Miss Beatrice Wooster Miller, a native daughter and the only child of Charles Wooster Miller, now deceased, and Gertrude Benchley Miller. They were large landowners at Fullerton. Captain Gantz, who is fond of polo, horses and dogs, has completed with his gifted wife, a beautiful home of pure Spanish design which is, like his ranch, one of the real show places of the county. In national political affairs, he is a Republican, but he works untiringly for the best interests of the locality in an unpartisan manner affording a stimulating example to all young men ambitious of serving society and their country. He is an Elk, a life member of Deadwood Lodge No. 508, a member of the Fullerton Club, the Board of Trade, the Santa Barbara Country Club, and the Army and Navy Club, in each of which established organizations he is known for a strong personality and positive influence.

OLIN E. STEWARD — Although a native of Michigan, Olin E. Steward, the recently appointed city manager of Anaheim, is associated through his family with the pioneer days of California. His father, Newton B. Steward, came to the California gold fields by way of the Isthmus of Panama in 1853, and for fifteen years followed mining. The mother, who was Lorana Gilbert before her marriage, crossed the plains at the age' of sixteen years, in 1852, and some years later met and married Newton B. Steward. After these years of arduous struggle in the mining camps, for there were hardships a-plenty in those pioneer days, Mr. Steward's health failed and he returned East, settling in Michigan. There he remained until 1889, when he came back to California and engaged in ranching at Santa Ana for a number of years until his demise in 1896. The mother still resides there at the age of eighty-four years.

Of the five children of Mr. and Mrs. Steward, all of whom are living, Olin E. is the fourth in order of birth. He was born in Wayne County, Mich., on July 4, 1868. His early education was obtained in the rural schools in his home district, and he then attended Albion College, graduating from there with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1898. He then pursued a further course of study at Northwestern University in Chicago, and there, in 1901. he received the degree of Bachelor of Sacred Theology. On completing the work there he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. After devoting four years of his life to this work, his health failed and he was compelled to abandon his plans for a ministerial career and seek other fields of work. It was then that he took up engineering work, and he has since been successfully engaged in this line of endeavor.

For two years he was with the assessor's office at Santa Ana, and in 1909 he became city engineer of Anaheim, and through his efficient administration great strides have been made in the development of the city, as all the paving, sewer work and sidewalk laying have been done since he took office. In addition to his work as city engineer, he was also superintendent of streets. In November, 1919, Mr. Steward was made city manager of Anaheim, a position he is exceptionally well qualified to fill, because of his intimate connection with the city's material development of the past years, giving him a broad grasp of its future needs and possibilities. In addition to the duties of his office, Mr. Steward is also a member of the Anaheim board of health, is gas and sewer inspector, so that his civic interests radiate in many directions.

Mr. Steward's marriage, which occurred on September 14, 1898, united him with Miss Edna M. Simmons, a native of Michigan. Two children have been born to them, Katherine and Wendell. Deeply interested in the future development of his chosen state, and particularly in Orange County, Mr. Steward ranks high among its public- spirited citizens, as he is always ready to give of his time and energy to every worthy project that has for its motive the upbuilding of the community. He has served for three years in the ranks of the California National Guard. Mr. Steward still manifests an intense interest in the Methodist Church, being president of the board of trustees of First Methodist Episcopal Church of Anaheim.

HON. J. RALPH CARHART — The Empire State was never better represented, among those who have attained fame as public officials in California, than in the phenomenally successful career of the Hon. J. Ralph Carhart, the popular mayor of Fullerton, whose influence has been so potent in favor of a broad and substantial development of the municipality under his control. He was born in New York City on January 12, of the Centennial year of 1876, and his father was Thomas F. Carhart, the clothing manufacturer so well known to New Yorkers of that day, and founder of the firm of Carhart, Witford and Company. He married Miss Marie Louise Casteria, a native of New Orleans, the daughter of Louis Casteria, a prominent attorney of that city, and they were the parents of seven children, but only two sons and two daughters are now living. Mr. Carhart died in 1882; his widow survives and makes her home with her son. J. Ralph Carhart, giving him an opportunity to minister to her comfort and happiness, while she receives the homage of the whole family.

The second youngest of the family, Ralph attended the Columbia grammar school in his native city; but having removed to California with his mother in 1891, he continued his studies at Throop Polytechnic at Pasadena. His mother had acquired ranch property of value in the San Fernando Valley, and this estate he managed for her for five years. After that he came to Fullerton, and since then he has been successfully engaged in ranching. He has devoted himself in particular to the breeding of Jersey cattle and Poland-China hogs, and his exhibits at fairs have won the first prize.

At Fullerton, on September 28, 1898, Mr. Carhart was married to Miss Helen Anna Benchley, daughter of Edward K. Benchley, president of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Fullerton. Their daughter, Helen Louise, is now Mrs. Stewart S. Miller; and there are two sons, Ralph Benchley and Thomas Fair Carhart. The family attend St. Michael's Episcopal Church at Anaheim and Mr. Carhart is a Royal Arch Mason, a member of Santa Ana Council No. 14, R. & S. M., Anaheim Lodge No. 1345, B. P. O. Elks, the Fullerton Club, the Hacienda Country Club at La Habra and the California Club of Los Angeles. In politics Mr. Carhart is a Republican, and on April 20, 1916, he was elected mayor of Fullerton for a four-year term. His administration has proved just what anyone would expect who knows the man and his peculiar fitness for such a high office of trust.

MARCUS ARTHUR BRIDGE — A native son of California and the son of a pioneer of the gold days, Arthur Bridge has successfully combined his work as a masonry contractor with citrus ranching, his ten-acre citrus grove at Yorba Linda bearing the marks of intelligent care. Born on March 6, 1879, at Compton, Cal.. Mr. Bridge is the son of Marcus L. and Amy (Millard) Bridge. The father crossed the plains in 1850. when but nineteen years of age, settling in Northern California, and remaining there until the Civil War broke out, when he returned East and enlisted in an Illinois regiment, serving throughout the conflict. As soon as the war was over he returned to California, locating in Los Angeles, at that time a small settlement, and he and Mrs. Bridge still make their home there.

Of a family of five children, Arthur Bridge is the third eldest, and with the other children was educated in the public schools of Los Angeles. Early in boyhood he took up the masonry trade, learning the work from his father, who had been engaged in this line for many years. Leaving home at fifteen, he started out in life for himself, and soon was successfully contracting big jobs, among them the extensive building operations of the Janss Investment Company. During this period he worked on some of the largest buildings ever erected in Los Angeles and San Francisco, and made a reputation for himself for this thorough, high-grade work. In 1910 Mr. Bridge came to Yorba Linda and purchased ten acres of bare land and immediately set out his nursery stock, from which his present grove of lemons was planted. In these days there was no water company at Yorba Linda and Mr. Bridge was compelled to haul water in wagons both for irrigation and household purposes, until the present pipe line was installed. All of Mr. Bridge's brothers and sisters are interested in land at Yorba Linda, but at present none of them are permanent residents.

In addition to the development of his citrus ranch Mr. Bridge has also continued his work as a masonry contractor, and since permanently locating here he has had charge of practically every job of plastering and bricklaying both in Yorba Linda and the surrounding country.

On December 6, 1906, Mr. Bridge was married to Miss Myrle Reese, who, like himself, is a native of California. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edwin M. Reese, were pioneers of California who settled at Santa Barbara in the early days. Mr. Reese died in Arizona and Mrs. Reese is now a resident of San Francisco. Mr. and Mrs. Bridge are the parents of two children, Dorothy Myrle and Donald Arthur, both attending school at Yorba Linda. Mrs. Bridge is a charter member of the Women's Club of Yorba Linda and takes an active part in all the progressive movements of the community. Mr. Bridge is prominent in all the cooperative organizations of Yorba Linda, being a member of the Yorba Linda Chamber of Commerce, the Associated Chambers of Commerce and a charter member of the Foothill Groves Association, of which he was formerly a director, being one of its organizers. In fraternal circles Mr. Bridge is affiliated with the Yorba Linda Lodge of Masons. Politically he gives his support to the Republican party.

PIERRE NICOLAS, Jr — Whenever the historian of Fullerton shall attempt the agreeable task of narrating the story of this favored spot in Southern California, the knoll overlooking the entire valley whereon is the magnificently-situated home erected by the late Pierre Nicolas, will be a certain reminder of the life and successful labors of one of the most prominent and widely esteemed citizens of that city. He was born in Los Angeles on October 21, 1881, the son of Pierre and Hippolyte (Vincent) Nicolas. The father had originally settled at Whittier and there their son attended for a time the grammar school, later going to the Sisters School at Anaheim and laying a firm foundation for a course at the Orange County Business College of Santa Ana and the finishing course at St. Vincent College of Los Angeles. All these years Pierre lived on his father's ranch and when not in school or otherwise employed, assisted with the ranch work.

On October 21, 1914, Pierre Nicolas was united in marriage with Miss Kathryn Backs, a native daughter of Orange County, born in Anaheim into the home of Joe and Catherine (Hyermann) Backs. Joe Backs came from Germany to America when a child and made his way directly to California; Mrs. Backs came to California when a girl of seven and her life has been passed in this locality ever since. Kathryn received her first schooling in Anaheim and has been reared in Orange County.

The elder Nicolas owned a tract of land north of Orangethorpe Avenue on the avenue now known as Nicolas Avenue which was named in his honor. The property east of Nicolas Avenue that finally came into the possession of his son, Pierre, was owned by his father for six months before he died. Pierre added a tract of twelve acres, making forty-five acres in the home place, all of which he improved with pipe lines and pumping plant and set to oranges, lemons and walnuts, also terraced the property at a big expense of time and money and made of it the show place of Fullerton. He later bought sixty acres on Orangethorpe Avenue and this he set to Valencia oranges and installed a cement pipe line throughout the entire ranch, which is under the Anaheim Union Water Company. Pierre, or "Pete," as he was familiarly known to his friends, was a man of action and was never idle. When he was twenty he was engaged in the livery business in Fullerton, in partnership with O. R. Fuller, and when he embarked in ranching he operated on a large scale, leasing some 2,300 acres which he put into grain. He used the most modern machinery and implements and employed many men to perform the duties on his ranches. His greatest ambition was to make of his home place a desirable place of residence and that he succeeded no one need doubt who has ever visited the spot. Here he and his wife entertained in true Californian style.

Mr. Nicolas was a man of striking personality, six feet in height and weighing 240 pounds. He made friends wherever he went and these he maintained until his death, which occurred on February 10, 1920, after an illness of but a few days from the flu. Mrs. Nicolas, after the settlement of the estate became the owner of the ranch of sixty acres on Orangethorpe, which she is wisely conducting, with the assistance of her brother, Edward Backs. She is widely known for her attractive personality and her deep interest in all that pertains to the advancement of the community. Mr. and Mrs. Nicolas both belonged to the Catholic Church in Fullerton. Mr. Nicolas was originally a member in the highest standing in Santa Ana Lodge No. 794, B. P. O. Elks, and but a short time before his death transferred to Anaheim Lodge No. 1345, and his death was deeply mourned by his brother Elks and by all who ever knew or had business relations with him. He was generous to a fault, was a man of the strictest integrity and a stanch supporter of all progressive movements for the upbuilding of Orange County and Southern California.

HORATIO AUGUSTUS ALLEN — A much-loved and highly esteemed resident and builder up of Orange County, Horatio Augustus Allen, who passed away in 1916, left the heritage of a well-spent life, tilled with kindly deeds whose memory will ever be cherished by those near to him. A native of Canada, Mr. Allen was born on a farm in Oxford County, twenty-five miles northeast of London, Ontario, April 27, 1833. His father, Nathan Prescott Allen, was born in New York state, where he married Miss Armenia Mott, also of that state, and later they removed to Oxford County, Ontario, where they became successful farmers. The Allen family come of old New England stock, tracing their ancestry back to the days of the Mayflower and Plymouth Rock. Nathan P. Allen had twin brothers who became prominent attorneys in New York City, but he was the only one of his immediate family to settle in Canada.

Horatio Augustus Allen was educated in the excellent schools of Ontario and at the business college in Buffalo, N. Y. Returning to his old home, he engaged in farming and in business until he made his first trip to California in 1863, coming by way of the Isthmus of Panama to San Francisco at a period when the Golden State was still but sparsely settled and bearing but little evidence of the wonderful growth and prosperity that have marked its later years. Remaining in San Francisco for nearly two years, he returned to his Canadian home, going by way of the Nicaraguan route, which at that time shared honors with Panama as a passageway from ocean to ocean, arriving home in April, 1865. He was aboard the train from New York to London, Ontario, when the wire came telling of the assassination of President Lincoln.

Upon his return to his native country Mr. Allen engaged in farming, managing his father's farm until 1874, and then began his career in the banking business. In 1877 he opened a private banking house at Port Elgin, in which he was eminently successful, and he became a prominent man of affairs with a very high standing in financial circles, establishing a record for veracity, integrity and honesty of purpose that was never questioned. After being identified with the banking interests of Port Elgin, on Lake Turon, he decided to make his home in the land of sunshine and flowers. His second trip to California was in 1884, when he brought his family to Tustin, where his nephew, ex-Senator Prescott Cogswell, then resided: Mr. Cogswell is now one of the supervisors of Los Angeles County. Mr. Allen returned to Port Elgin in the spring of 1885. but in the fall of 1885 his health became impaired, so in January, 1886, he brought his family out with the intention of establishing his home in California. His first purchase was a ranch of eight acres at Main and Glenn streets, Tustin, the nucleus of the large acreage he later acquired and left to his family on his passing away. He added to his holdings until he became the owner of eighty acres in five different ranches near Tustin, all set to walnuts with the exception of fifteen acres, which were in Valencia and Navel oranges — a well-improved and valuable estate.

Mr. Allen's marriage, which occurred at Mt. Pleasant, Ontario, May 9, 1877. united him with Miss Emma German, also a native of that country, born at Wilton. Ontario, and a daughter of Rev. J. W. and Sarah (Purdy) German. Her father was of English and Scotch-Irish descent and a minister in the Wesleyan Methodist Church, a very able and conscientious preacher, who filled the pulpit for more than forty years, until he retired. Mrs. Allen's maternal ancestors trace back to England through Massachusetts, and her great-grandfather Purdy, being a United Empire Loyalist, moved from New York state to Ontario about the time of the Revolutionary War. She is the second eldest of six children living, and has a brother, Edgar German, who resides in Los Angeles. Emma German received a good education in the schools of Ontario, and after completing the high school course, attended Hamilton College. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Allen was blessed with three children: Lucius of Tustin. and Augustus Horatio of Santa Ana; both assist their mother in caring for her ranches, giving it all of their time and attention. Gerald is a sophomore at Occidental College. Mr. Allen's death, which occurred April 8, 1916. removed from the roster of early enthusiastic settlers an estimable citizen, who had made a definite contribution to the development of the county, and who enjoyed the highest esteem of all who knew him. His example is well worthy of emulation.

Since her husband's death, Mrs. Allen, with the aid of her sons, continues to manage and operate the different ranches, and tries as far as possible to carry out the plans and ambitions of her husband; and, like her husband, she is .very optimistic over the future greatness of this favored section of California. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church and of the ladies' aid and missionary societies of that denomination. Cultured, refined, well-read and a pleasing conversationalist, it is indeed a pleasure to know and enjoy her hospitality.

ISAAC CRAIG — A contracting carpenter who has not only been active in helping to build up Orange County in the material sense, but who, as an influential City Father has contributed to stimulating and guiding its growth along broad and permanent lines, is Isaac Craig, a Canadian by birth, having first seen the light in Ontario on March 19, 1862. His father was John, and his mother Ann J. (McCollough) Craig; they lived busy, useful lives and are now both dead. They had thirteen children, among whom Isaac was the youngest child.

He attended the excellent common schools in Canada, and later learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked until coming into the States in 1880. He came west to North Dakota and remained there six months, after which he moved on to Manitoba and British Columbia. In 1887, he returned to the States and for six months was employed at Helena, Mont. During the height of the great "boom" in 1887, Mr. Craig came to California and for awhile located at Los Angeles. Then he went north to San Francisco. At the beginning of the century, he came first to Orange County, locating at Olinda and in 1912 came to Brea, where he was one of the first residents; and since then he has built the Brea Hotel and many of the finest residences and business buildings hereabouts. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce, in which organization he is always ready to shoulder his share, of any movement making for the progress of the locality. Mr. Craig was easily elected city trustee in 1918, and was one of the first trustees of Brea, with a four-year term. He was also appointed, and then elected justice of the peace.

In Los Angeles on June 27, 1888, Mr. Craig was married to Miss Mary C. Reardon, a native of Charleston, S. C., and their fortunate union has been blessed through the birth of five boys and two girls. John M., in Sumatra; Mary Jane, wife of C. C. Hosmer, of Alhambra; Sarah E., Mrs. L. B. Depweg, of Honolulu; Edward, James C., William and Thomas, all at home. James C. and Edward were in the World War; the former was in France over a year, serving in the supply department; Edward was in training in the aviation department in England. In club life, Mr. Craig is active and popular in the Grand Fraternity.

JOHN CASSOU — A highly-esteemed citizen noted for his great faith in the future of Orange County, a faith no doubt quickened because of' his own work as a builder up of communities, is John Cassou, of Anaheim, whose good wife is a daughter of an intrepid '49er. He is now one of the oldest settlers of Anaheim living, although he first saw the light in the vicinity of Pau, in the Basses-Pyrenees, France. He was born there on October 18, 1856, and was descended from an old and well-known family. His parents were liberal-minded folks, and he received the best education that the public schools could afford. So well was he equipped for the ordinary station in life that at sixteen he migrated from home, sailed for America and eventually came to San Francisco. He had a brother in Anaheim, and that circumstance led him to proceed to the mother colony, where for two years he was employed "in stock raising. Then, having saved some money, he decided to engage in the sheep business, and to establish something for himself.

He was only eighteen years of age, therefore, when he went to San Diego County and bought a small flock of sheep; and from 1875 until 1886 he ranged them on the plains and the mountains, after which he branched out into other lines. In partnership with his brother, Peter, he ran the butcher shop in Escondido, providing the town with the first meat market; and as the property at present of a nephew it is still running. In 1894, he sold out his various interests, save the ranches, which he still owns, to his brother, and came back to Anaheim. On his return, he embarked in the hotel and liquor trade, and in that line he continued for twenty years, or until he felt that his other affairs demanded all of his attention. He owns a business building, as well as a residence on West Center and Clementine, and also the Cassou Block, which he built in 1916. It is 97x155 feet on West Center, a very central location, and the edifice makes a fine business block. He is a stockholder in the First National Bank of Anaheim, of which he has been a director, and also a stockholder in the Anaheim Savings Bank. In addition to these realty holdings in Anaheim, Mr. and Mrs. Cassou have other valuable property in Los Angeles, which they recently erected and which adds to the artistic standards for which that city is noted. Naturally, Mr. Cassou belongs to the Chamber of Commerce in Anaheim, where he is highly esteemed for his progressive views.

The marriage of Mr. Cassou to Mrs. Marie (Sarrail) Blanchard, a native of San Francisco, occurred at Anaheim in 1896, and will long be remembered pleasantly by those who participated in the social event. The bride's father was Rock Sarrail, who in 1849 came to San Francisco by way of the Horn, landing after a six months' trip. He followed mining for a while, and then later took up stock raising, coming south to Los Angeles to range his herds. In the beginning, he let his flocks roam in what is now the business center of Los Angeles, but which was then merely open fields; and his herders moved along what is now Hill Street, between Sixth and Seventh. Mr. Sarrail is still living, at the ripe old age of eighty-one years; and he is enviably honored by all who know him as one of the genuine old-timers. Marie is the oldest child of the family, and was reared and educated in Southern California; and as far back as 1869 she came to Anaheim. She first married Victor Blanchard, a native of the Hautes Alps, France, who was engaged in sheep raising in Orange County, and was a prominent stockman and landowner, operating extensively, when he died in 1891. They had three children, but only one is living, Mrs. Rose Hessel, of Anaheim. One child, Ruby, a graduate of the Anaheim high school and also of a Los Angeles business college, has blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Cassou. Mr. Cassou is a member of both the Anaheim Lodge of the Elks and Eagles.

JOHN C. ORD — Orange County is widely known for its recognition of old-time residents who have had to do with the founding and developing of this favored part of the Golden State, .and it is not likely to forget such a worthy pioneer as John C. Ord. the father of Seal Beach, who was born in Orleans County, Vt., on July 28, 1842. As a boy, he worked in the woods getting out lumber, and also in a saw-mill, and at the outbreak of the Civil War enlisted as a volunteer in the cause of the Union, and served for three years. He belonged to Company E, Ninth Vermont Infantry, and was in the Twenty-fourth Army Corps under his cousin, Gen. E. O. C. Ord. He took part in the surrender of General Lee, and recalls that historic occasion as one of the most interesting events of his entire life. He was in the battle of Winchester and Harpers' Ferry, and was captured at the latter place and sent to Chicago, where he was exchanged. He also took part in the siege of Norfolk and" the battle at Newport, N. C. In the last year of the war, he was attached to the Sharpshooter Brigade, and participated in the battle of Petersburg. He was also in the grand review at the close of the war in Richmond. As one result of this meritorious and active service, he helped to organize Baxter Post, G. A. R., at Newport, Vt.

In 1866, Mr. Ord crossed the Isthmus to California, and landed in San Francisco with only $300. This he soon spent and was obliged to find work. The experiment was not without difficulties, and he was forced to tramp through the country in search of employment and begged for something to eat. His first engagement was on a ranch in Contra Costa County, owned by Charles Howard. After that he worked on threshing machines in harvest fields, and then he went to the neighborhood of Monterey in the Salinas Valley, where he chopped wood and again harvested.

In 1869 Mr. Ord returned to his old home in Vermont, on one of the first railroad trains to cross the Continent after the driving of the famous golden spike; but like so many who have found it impossible to say goodbye to California, he came back to the Coast and located at Grass Valley, in Nevada County, where he mined, and built two houses which he sold. He then went to Los Alamitos, Orange County, and erected a two-story store building, in which he kept a general store and also served as justice of the peace.

On February 29, 1904, Mr. Ord hauled his store building to what is now Seal Beach and located it on Main Street, where it is still standing and doing good service. It is owned by John P. May, who conducts there a general store and the local postoffice. This was the first building in Seal Beach, and Mr. Ord lived alone in it for three months. Later, he leased out the store and took a six months' trip to New Zealand.

On his return, Mr. Ord started in to build up Seal Beach. He bought lots in the area of the proposed town, some of which he still owns; was appointed first postmaster of the place, began to sell his own property, advertising "Bargains in Secondhand Houses and Lots," and cleaned up a handsome profit through his sales, and he also attracted visitors through a fine collection of skunks, squirrels and coyotes, which served as an attraction to beach visitors. He had thirteen skunks, quite as tame as kittens, and perfectly harmless, although he kept them caged.  Besides faithfully fulfilling his duties as postmaster of Seal Beach, Mr. Ord also served as agent for the Wells Fargo Express Company on their entering the town, and this enabled him to help still more effectively in building up the place. He planted the first tree in Seal Beach, a blooming acacia, as well as other needed trees, and when the acacia was cut down, a gavel was made from some of the wood and presented to Mr. Ord by his friends; and this gavel he used in presiding over the deliberations of the board of town trustees. When Seal Beach was incorporated, on October 19, 1915, he was elected chairman or mayor, and was reelected to that office, retiring from office in April, 1920, to the regret of all who knew him.

Mr. Ord married Miss Mary White, a Vermont lady, now deceased, who became the mother of a son, Ernest \V Ord, a graduate of the Grass Valley high school. He is now foreman of a large lumber company in Cambridge, Mass. In Irasburg, Orleans County, Vt., Mr. Ord joined Central Lodge of Masons, No. 62, A. F. & A. M., and at Newport, Vt., he was raised to the Royal Arch degree and entered the fellowship of the Commandery, when he became a Knight Templar. Later, he demitted to the Norwalk, Cal., lodge of Masons.

GEORGE EDDIE ROBINSON — A substantial citizen of Santa Ana long and highly honored not only among all old-timers, but particularly among the Masons of Orange County is George Eddie Robinson, one of the oldest stockholders in the Orange County Trust and Savings Bank. He was born at Winterset, in Madison County, Iowa, on August 16, 1857, a member of the family of H. J. Robinson, a native of New York, who was reared in Ohio. In his young days he was a boatman on the Wabash Canal. With his devoted wife, who was Julia Carpenter before her marriage, a native of Ohio, he came to Winterset, Iowa, in 1854. In 1858 he located at Fremont, Nebr., the seventh family to locate in that district, there being a village of 1,500 Indians across the Platte River from them. He engaged in building saw mills and flour mills, made the cottonwood lumber for the early settlers, and later made flour. On account of his health he came to California in June, 1875, and for years was engaged in farming here. For twelve years prior to his death he lived retired in Santa Ana. During these latter years his association with Masonry gave him much diversion and comfort. Mrs. Robinson, who was the mother of two children, is also deceased.

The younger of the offspring, George E. Robinson went to the local public schools and remained in the Middle West throughout his youth so that he was a young man of seventeen when he came to California in 1875. He was engaged in farming in Santa Barbara County with his father until 1883, when he came to El Modena, Orange County, and for three years gave his time to the cultivation and care of a twenty-acre tract of vineyard and oranges. On selling this he bought ten acres, now the southwest corner of Fourth and Baker streets; this he subdivided as the Robinson tract and it was soon sold. For fifteen years Mr. Robinson also followed teaming, so that he not only has seen much of the development of Santa Ana and vicinity, but has actively participated in the work of bringing about the miraculous changes. He was a stockholder in the Balboa Company and helped to lay out the town of Balboa, early took stock in the Orange County Savings Bank, now the Orange County Trust and Savings Bank, and thus attracted to it other capital, and erected three houses worthy of the vicinity. In many ways, therefore, Mr. Robinson has been very much, as he still is, interested in the development of the town and the county.

On September 3, 1890, Mr. Robinson and Miss Fannie Swift were married, but the following year his estimable companion passed away. She left a daughter, Eva F., who is now Mrs. James S. Elliott, through whom Mr. Robinson has one grandchild, James S. Elliott, Jr.

In every good movement for the benefit of the neighborhood, socially and morally an untiring leader working without partisanship, Mr. Robinson is a Republican in matters of national politics, and there endeavors to use his influence for the best nominees. Mr. Robinson is a member of Santa Ana Lodge No. 241, F. & A. M., Chapter No. 73, R. A. M., Santa Ana Council No. 4, R. & S. M., and Santa Ana Commandery No. 36, Knights Templar. He is also a member of Al Malaikah Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., at Los Angeles, and of Hermosa Chapter No. 105. O. E. S. He has been tyler of all the Masonic bodies in Santa Ana for over fifteen years. Mr. Robinson was a member of the California National Guards under Hal Finley, and later under Walter Greenleaf. He was also constable of Santa Ana Township for six years and for eighteen years deputy county clerk, giving his attention to the registration of voters, which position he has held satisfactorily under four different county clerks. As a Republican he has been a delegate to many county and state conventions and has always taken an active part ill county politics.

GEORGE HENRY AMERIGE — Not many men living can point with pride to such a city as Fullerton and claim, as may the brothers, George H. and Edward R. Amerige, that the splendid reality is the child of what was once a mere dream, and one at which some people even smiled; but such is the occasional step in the evolution of the great Pacific commonwealth, itself the veriest reality crowning the fancies and vision of those who dared to look far ahead. These founders of one of the most attractive and promising of all the municipalities in Southern California were born in Maiden, Mass., one of the suburbs of Boston, descendants of an old Colonial family, one of their number being George H. Amerige, an uncle of our subject, who came out to the Coast as a genuine '49er, traveling by way of Panama, and later founded the well-known newspaper, Alta California, in San Francisco. The Amerige family dates back to one of the oldest Protestant families of Italy, who were driven out of their native land at the time of the persecution of the Protestants. They fled to Germany and later to England, and there Maurice Amerige was born and reared. He and two of his brothers came to Boston, Mass., where he became a prominent business man. He married a Miss Brown, the daughter of Solomon Brown one of the early shoe manufacturers of Lynn.

The father of our subject, Hon. Henry Amerige, was born in Boston, and like many New England lads, went to sea for awhile; later becoming well known as a manufacturer and outfitter of sailing vessels, his place of business being at No. 1 Commercial Wharf, Boston. He was one of the first mayors of Maiden, which he helped to lay out. and he gave this attractive suburb the land necessary for a park, now known as Amerige Park. He was a representative in the Massachusetts Legislature, a member of the board of assessors of Maiden, was state commissioner and superintendent of highways for many years, and always occupied a position of prominence in the locality, where he was held in the highest respect. The mother, who was Harriett Elizabeth Giles Russell, was born in the old Benjamin Franklin home in Boston; her father, Benjamin Russell, was born in Salem, Mass., and married Miss Giles, whose father, Benjamin Giles, served in the Revolutionary War; he had married Miss Endicott, a cousin of Governor Endicott of Massachusetts. They were all of English descent and of old Puritan stock. Mr. Amperage’s great-grandfather, Benjamin Giles, gave the sounding board to the old South Church in Boston. Benjamin Russell owned several vessels and was engaged in the merchant marine trade. He brought the first two colored boys from Africa to Salem and educated them until they were able to make their own way, and also brought the first rubber from South America to Massachusetts. All in all the Amerige ancestors were among the prominent and interesting old families of New England.

There were five children in the family of Henry and Elizabeth (Russell) Amerige, of whom George H. was the second eldest. The other members of the family were Edward H. Amerige, late of Fullerton, who died on May 3, 1915; Hattie A. is the wife of Albert B. Morgan, a prominent druggist of Maiden. Mass.; Miss Ella Amerige also of Maiden; and Alfred B., who makes his home at Everett, Mass. Mrs. Morgan is the only member of the family of five children to have issue and has been blessed with three children: Henry A., who enlisted and served in the U. S. Navy during the World War, is now associated in the drug business; Russell B. also enlisted for service in the World War, serving in the U. S. Army overseas for eighteen months and since his discharge is also associated with his father; Alva B., the youngest is attending the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. George H. Amerige, as stated before, was a native of Maiden, Mass., born March 22, 1855, and the lad who was destined to play such an interesting role in California history, grew up under exceptionally advantageous circumstances in Maiden, where he attended the local schools and was closely associated with the business life of the suburban cities of the Hub. As a young man he engaged in the wholesale and retail handling of hay and grain at Boston, in partnership with his brother, Edward R., and although they started in a small way, they were soon able to ship in carload lots; they had four different stores in Massachusetts and built and owned warehouses. Hearing of the turn given to land and other affairs in what is generally spoken of as the "boom" period in California, they disposed of their Massachusetts interests and arrived here in May, 1886; here they continued together in business, cooperating in harmony and joy in each other's association until the passing away of Edward R. Amerige in 1915, a loss to town, county and state.

George H. Amerige has told in an admirable historical document, just what they did when once they had cast their lot here, and much of his story is well worth repeating. After a thorough and careful inspection of all the country round about what is now the Fullerton district, these two young men formulated a plan to start a town, thinking that here of all places would be an ideal location for a successful and permanent  municipality. Its close proximity to the then only well-developed portion of this region, the beautiful and productive Placentia district, was a potent factor in the decision.

The original purchase was made in the spring of 1887, and comprised 430 acres of land, a rich and fertile tract formerly belonging to the Miles estate. Having obtained the information that the Santa Fe Railroad Company would soon build a line from Los Angeles to San Diego, passing through Orange County, then a part of Los Angeles County, and near, the. Amerige land, the brothers negotiated with the company and induced them, by giving them an interest in the townsite, to change their route so as to run through the new tract. Frank Olmstead of Los Angeles was engaged to survey and plot the townsite; and the first stake was driven in his survey at what is now the corner of Spadra Street and East Commonwealth Avenue, then a field of wild mustard, by Edward Amerige on July 5, 1887. Visionary as this scheme of a town in a mustard field might have then seemed to many, the land was soon cleared, streets laid out and various buildings erected.

The first of these was the one built by the Amerige Brothers and used by them as an office, and ever since for business purposes. At this time the great boom in Southern California was rapidly subsiding, and the town was seriously handicapped by lack of transportation facilities to and from Los Angeles, the Santa Fe having failed, for a year, to complete its line, as agreed upon, to Fullerton. Wilshire Bros., hearing of the remarkable prospects of the new town, desired to purchase an interest in the venture, and prevailed upon the Ameriges to accommodate them; and later all interests were merged into the Pacific Land and Improvement Company, to better facilitate the new town's growth. When it was proposed to name the place after the founders, they modestly expressed their appreciation of the compliment, but did not wish to have it done; whereupon it was named in honor of George H. Fuller, then president of the Pacific Land and Improvement Company, which was really a branch of the Santa Fe Railroad Company, organized to promote the Santa Fe's interests, and to arrange for rights of way and railroad land. Later the Wilshire Bros. and C. C. Carpenter purchased the Pacific Land and Improvement Company's interest, and the Fullerton Land and Trust Company came into existence. The Wilshires failing to fulfill their contract with the Pacific Land and Improvement Company, their holdings were taken over by the land company. Then the interests of Amerige Brothers and the Pacific Land and Improvement Company were segregated, and the Fullerton Land and Trust Company dissolved, and Amerige Brothers stayed with the town.

Fullerton did not receive any natural benefits from the boom, for before the advent of the railroad, it was all over. The first train to reach the town was in the fall of 1888, and the first building of any importance to be erected was the St. George Hotel, named for George Amerige, costing over $50,000, which was wrecked in 1918 to make room for a modern business block, erected by Geo. H. Amerige. The Wilshire Block at the corner of Spadra and Commonwealth avenue was also built in 1888. and it is still standing. The first bank to be established was the First National Bank and Fullerton Savings Bank, affiliated, which came into existence largely through the efforts of Amerige Brothers.

Most of the streets of the town were named by the Amerige brothers, after the streets in or near their native Massachusetts town. Commonwealth Avenue, one of the finest, derived its name from the famous thoroughfare of Boston. Maiden Street and Highland Avenue were named for the city and street where the founders formerly lived, and Amerige Avenue perpetuates the name of the town's founders. Other streets were named after officials of the Pacific Land and Improvement Company and of the Santa Fe Railroad Company.

The Amerige Brothers also planted and developed a sixty-acre walnut orchard, since sold by them, and sent their walnuts in carload lots to the East. They erected a number of buildings in the city and George H. Amerige has recently completed two new modern business blocks on his property on East Commonwealth Avenue, a block having 350 feet frontage on Commonwealth and 175 feet on Spadra Street. He also owns two buildings on Spadra Street of fifty and seventy-five feet front and is now building a concrete business block on Amerige Avenue, having a frontage of 100 feet. He still has business interests in Massachusetts and owns valuable property in his native city, Maiden. Deeply interested in Fullerton from its inception he had to do with every enterprise and movement started, most of which have had a bearing on making it the splendid residence place of today. He put in the first waterworks that the first citizens to locate might enjoy the convenience and abundance of the necessity of life and with his own hands planted the first trees along the avenues in Fullerton, starting the beautifying of the city that is now so much enjoyed.

Mr. Amerige's marriage was solemnized in Boston, September 12. 1894, when he was united with Miss Annetta Jackson, who was born in North Searsport, Maine, but reared in Boston. She also comes of a very old and prominent New England family, whose ancestors served in the Colonial and Revolutionary wars. She is the daughter of Joseph Jackson, a native of Maine who was a shipbuilder in Searsport and later in Boston, where he continued shipbuilding until he retired, he and his wife spending their last days there. Her mother, Eliza Thorndyke Sawyer, was born in Thorndyke, Maine, a daughter of Rev. John Sawyer and Elizabeth (Gilman) Sawyer. Grandfather Sawyer was a well-known Baptist minister in his day. They are closely related to ex-Governor Sawyer of New Hampshire and the Chadborns and Hamlins of Maine. The Gilman family also dates back to England; when Mrs. Amerige's great-great-grandfather Gilman, with three brothers, came from England in their own ship to Beverly, Mass., they were given a grant of land in New Hampshire and proceeded to colonize it. Thus Gilmanton, N. H., was named for her ancestors. Annetta Jackson was the youngest of a family of six children, and was reared and educated in Boston, residing there until she came as a bride to Fullerton. A woman of culture and refinement, Mrs. Amerige is much loved and highly esteemed by her many friends, who appreciate her for her kindness, amiability and worth. She has always been intensely interested in her husband's affairs and has encouraged him in his ambitions, and both have always bent every effort to aid in the civic and moral uplift of Fullerton. She is a member of the order of the Eastern Star and the P. E. O.

Mr. Amerige was one of the five founders of the Fullerton Lodge of Odd Fellows and is a member of the Fullerton Club and the Board of Trade. He is a strong Protectionist and Republican and has been prominent in the councils of the party. Almost every year with his wife he makes a trip back to his old home in Massachusetts, visiting their many friends and relatives. Particularly do they maintain a live interest in the growth and development of Fullerton and freely give of their time and means to all enterprises that have for their aim the beautifying of the city and enhancing the comfort and happiness of its citizens. Mr. Amerige can safely be said to be not only Fullerton's oldest but also its foremost citizen.

PETER GODDICKSEN — Prominent among the steady, industrious citizens of Orange whose character and foresight enabled them to succeed themselves and to be able and willing to point the way to success for others, is Peter Goddicksen, a native of Flensburg, Germany, where he was born on December 10, 1853. His father was Clans Goddicksen, a farmer, who had married Elise Clare Carlsen. They are now deceased, but they left behind to honor their worthy name five children, two of whom are in the United States; Nicholas Goddicksen is still living in South Dakota.

Peter, the eldest, was brought up on the home farm, emigrating in 1875, to the United States and located in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, where he was employed on a farm, in Avoca township, for a couple of years. He then homesteaded 160 acres, and preempted another 160, and besides secured a timber claim of 160 acres, in 1882, all in Douglas County, S. D.; and while pioneering there, converted this raw land into an improved farm. He broke the prairie, raised hogs and cattle and thus got a fairly good start. He was both a trustee and the treasurer of the school committee, and all in all was honored by those who knew him.

Later he sold out and removed to Hornick, Woodbury County, Iowa, where he was a farmer for six years; and in 1901 he made his first trip to Southern California, when he visited Orange. Two years later, in January, he returned to California, and located at Orange, where he bought a ranch on East Chapman Street; and there, on one place, he resided for seventeen years. There were eighteen and a half acres, and nearly all the tract he set out to orange trees, particularly Valencias, and to lemons, and after awhile had there an unusually well-developed orchard. He joined the Santiago Orange Growers Association, and was one of the first members of the McPherson Heights Citrus Association, and was on its first board of directors, and was also a member and a trustee of the Lemon Growers Association. He had an orange nursery, and was one of the first to set out avocados. He had nine acres of land set out to oranges, olives and lemons, and this he sold, disposing also of some six and a half acres set out to oranges, north of Whittier Heights. In 1919, Mr. Goddicksen sold his ranch and located in Orange, where he now resides at 306 North Center Street, still retaining a twenty-acre orchard of apricots at Nuevo, in Riverside County; he also owns ten acres of unimproved land there, and twenty acres of oranges half way between Orange and Anaheim.

During his residence in Dakota, Mr. Goddicksen was married to Miss Emelie Ertinger, a native of Wuertemberg, Germany, and the daughter of Albert and Katherine (Kik) Ertinger. As far back as 1874, Mrs. Goddicksen came with her parents to Clay County, S. D., and settled near Yankton, the family later removing to Douglas County. Mr. Ertinger was a judge in Germany, and he never wanted for courteous and complimentary attention, and the full appreciation of his worth as an American citizen. After his death, his widow was married a second time to Fred Seiser, and they now reside on East Chapman Street, Orange. Five children of Mr. and Mrs. Goddicksen are still living; Elise E. educated at the Los Angeles high school and at the Orange County Business College, was city stenographer of Santa Ana, and is now a public- stenographer and notary; she is very musical and is a pianist, vocalist and whistler. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church; William resides in San Francisco, and with him is his brother, A. Lenz, an instructor and consulting man for the Cleveland tractor. William was a member of the Three Hundred Sixty-fourth Regiment and saw service overseas for two years; A. Lenz was in the service and did limited duty; Elsie K. is in the Orange high school, and the youngest is Grant C. Goddicksen.

Mr. and Mrs. Goddicksen are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church at Santa Ana, and they are both strong Republicans. Mr. Goddicksen is a member of the Ancient Order United Workers, and of Orange Lodge No. 225, Independent Order of Odd Fellows; and his wife, and daughter Elise, are members, with him, of the Rebekahs.

EDWARD RUSSELL AMERIGE — In the annals of Fullerton a name that will ever stand out distinctly in its history is that of Edward Russell Amerige, one of Orange County's foremost citizens, who with his brother, George H. Amerige, founded this thriving town, now one of the prosperous municipalities of the Southland, and gave all his energy and effort to its upbuilding. In civic life he was also a leader from the formation of Fullerton; he was prominent in the county and represented his district in the Legislature, where his aggressive enterprise and influence made themselves felt. Liberal and progressive in his ideas, at his passing away on May 3, 1915, Orange County lost one of its best men.

Edward Russell Amerige was born in Maiden, Mass., August 1, 1857, the son of Henry and Elizabeth Giles (Russell) Amerige, prominent citizens of Maiden, a history of the Amerige family and their forbears being recounted in the biography of George H. Amerige, on another page of this work. Mr. Amerige grew to manhood in his native town and after completing his education there he entered into partnership with his brother, George H., in the wholesale and retail hay and grain business, and with their characteristic energy built up a very large and successful business. They had become intensely interested in the Pacific Coast region and after much thought and investigation concluded to cast in their lot in the Golden State. Disposing of their business interests in Massachusetts, they arrived in California in May, 1886, coming first to Pasadena, the vicinity of which was then mostly grain fields. They immediately purchased a ranch and here they made their headquarters for a few weeks, during which time they traveled over various parts of the county.

They became much interested in the Anaheim section, as they saw great possibilities for the locality between that place and the Placentia district, so in 1887 they purchased 430 acres of wild, uncultivated land, the present site of Fullerton. It was covered with wild mustard and brush, but with their natural optimism and New England foresight, they saw the possibilities of locating a town, since the Santa Fe Railroad Company was planning to build its road to Santa Ana and on to San Diego. They made their plans and had the town laid out, the first stake in the survey being driven by Edward R. Amerige on July 5. 1887, at the corner of Spadra Street and Commonwealth Avenue. They had interested the Santa Fe Railroad Company by giving them an interest in the town site, so the railroad was located through the new town. Other partners were taken in and changes made in the joint ownership. The subsiding of the boom caused a cessation of progress for the time being, but through all these years the Amerige brothers never lost their optimism and faith that it would some time be a large town.

When the railroad was surveyed through, the naming of the town had to be decided on. Mr. Fuller, president of the Pacific Land and Improvement Company, a subsidiary of the Santa Fe Railroad Company, as well as others, wished to name the town Amerige. but the brothers modestly requested that some other name be given, their only wish being to make it a good, substantial, growing town, and they suggested that it be named Fullerton, after the aforesaid official, which was done. However, the old-time citizens know how hard George and Edward Amerige worked to build up the town, never losing faith in the place during all the hard times, and think it an injustice that the town should not have borne the name of its founders. Subsequent events show how Edward Amerige and his brother did all they could to build up the city, taking a prominent part in its civic life and in the establishment of its financial institutions.

Edward R. Amerige was the first mayor of Fullerton and served two terms on its board of trustees as well as trustee of schools. He also served two terms (19031905) 1905) in the Assembly of the State Legislature. He was prominent in matters pertaining to irrigation and was for a time president of the Anaheim Union Water Company. A Knights Templar Mason, he was a well-beloved member of that organization and was one of the founders of the Fullerton Lodge, F. & A. M., and it was • largely through his efforts that the first Masonic Temple was built in Fullerton, and at his passing the funeral service here was conducted by the Knights Templar, while according to his request his body was taken back to Massachusetts and buried in the old family lot in Forest Dale Cemetery, at Maiden.

ELMER ELLSWORTH JAHRAUS — Of French and German descent, E. E. Jahraus of Laguna Beach is the son of Andrew Jahraus, who was one of the leaders in the revolution against German militarism in those stirring days from 1832 to 1846. With Carl Schurz, who was later so prominent in the public life of America, and a member of President Grant's cabinet, Andrew Jahraus fled from Germany to America in 1847, after a reward had been offered for their capture, dead or alive, by the militarists. Mr. Jahraus located in Hamilton County, Ohio, near Cincinnati, and there established himself as a decorator and building contractor. His marriage, which occurred there, united him with Miss Christine Gruber, a native of Alsace-Lorraine, who was brought to America by her parents when but a babe. Of a family of five sons and three daughters, E. E. Jahraus, the subject of this sketch, is the youngest son. He was born January 27, 1866, at the family home in Hamilton County, Ohio, and when he reached school age he attended the public schools at Urbana and Dayton, Ohio.

Leaving home at the age of eleven to make his own way in the world, Mr. Jahraus found his first employment in a cigar factory at Urbana, Ohio, and also worked for two years in a woolen mill. When he was fourteen years old he entered the employ of one of the largest broom manufacturing concerns in the East, thoroughly learning the trade and remaining with them for seven years. Leaving Ohio in 1886, Mr. Jahraus went to Au Sable, Mich., on Lake Huron, where he became an expert in the cigar manufacturing business. After becoming a foreman he determined to carry out his long-cherished ambition to become a traveling salesman, so he started on the road for his brother, who was a cigar manufacturer-of Au Sable, and continued his work as a salesman for some time, and recalls many interesting experiences he had during his travels. Later he went to Alpena, Mich. ,and for many years was superintendent of a large cigar factory. A brother-in-law of Mr. Jahraus having located in Oregon, he planned to remove to the Northwest, but finally came to Los Angeles instead.

Coming to Santa Ana in 1900, he remained there for a year and a half, where he was in the employ of Leo Goepper. In 1902 he moved to Laguna Beach and opened a cigar factory and curio shop in the Beach Hotel, shipping souvenir boxes of cigars to all parts of the United States. While in this business he became interested in the future of this beach city, and this interest has grown with the years, so that a large measure of the development work carried on there in late years is due to his enthusiasm and energy. Starting in a small way in the real estate business as the Laguna Beach Realty Company, Mr. Jahraus is now the largest realtor in that district. At the time of the organization of this company there were only about ten permanent families there, and the tourists were depended upon to make up the life of the town. The only connection with the rest of the state was by stage from El Toro, so that it was practically inaccessible to the average traveler. Under the efficient leadership of Mr. Jahraus, in cooperation with the Chamber of Commerce and the public, the community has begun to show marked improvement, with good schools and good roads, and it is on the coast line of the proposed State Highway. The Sanitary District was also established largely through Mr. Jahraus' efforts and he is a member of its board.

Among Mr. Jahraus' many other activities he is president of the Chamber of Commerce, vice-president of the Associated Chambers of Commerce of Orange County, one of the members of the board of control of the Laguna Beach Art Association, which is making this beach a mecca for artists from far and wide, and he was for many years a member of the school board. During the war he was chairman of the Liberty Loan Committee of Laguna Beach, and as one of its four-minute speakers did much to further their drives. During his youthful days he served for four years in the Ohio State Militia, and was detailed for service at Cincinnati during the riot that caused such disturbances there in 1884. Politically Mr. Jahraus has not actively aligned himself with any party, preferring to give his support to the best men and measures, regardless of party affiliations.

Mr. Jahraus' marriage united him with Miss Henrietta Beadle, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Beadle, both natives of England, who were for many years engaged in the hotel and mercantile business in Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Jahraus are the parents of two children, Joseph R. and Pauline C., the latter graduating from the State Normal School at Los Angeles in 1920.

Joseph R. Jahraus enlisted on April 1, 1918, in the Thirty-third Engineers Corps, U. S. A. Stationed at Fort Douglas, Utah, for one month, he was then sent to Camp Devens, Mass., thence overseas, landing at Brest, France, July 12, 1918. He was on one of sixteen troop ships, sailing under a "convoy of two battleships and six destroyers, and when they reached the submarine zone they were met by a fleet of twenty-four destroyers, and as they neared the coast of France they were under the protection of three dirigibles and many small craft. Mr. Jahraus was detailed at once to active service as a waggoner in the Engineer Corps, and was overseas ten months. Arriving in America May 1, 1919, he was given his honorable discharge at the Presidio at San Francisco, June 2, 1919.

In October, 1914, Joseph R. Jahraus organized the Laguna Beach Lumber Company, being president of the same, and except for the period of his overseas service he has served continuously as manager of the business. Their shipping station is at Irvine, on the Santa Fe Railroad, and all lumber is hauled by truck to Laguna Beach. The company is enjoying the heaviest business in its history, and this bids fair to increase greatly with the continued growth of Laguna Beach.

The Jahraus family all stand high in the regard of the residents of Laguna Beach and enjoy a well-deserved popularity there, for they are everywhere recognized as among the most enthusiastic and dependable workers for the best interests of this attractive beach town. They are members of the Episcopal Church at Santa Ana and prominent in its circles.